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Related papers: The Born rule

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Quantum gravitational effects suggest a minimal length, or spacetime interval, of order the Planck length. This in turn suggests that Hilbert space itself may be discrete rather than continuous. One implication is that quantum states with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-24 Stephen D. H. Hsu

In a previous article [1] we presented an argument to obtain (or rather infer) Born's rule, based on a simple set of axioms named "Contexts, Systems and Modalities" (CSM). In this approach there is no "emergence", but the structure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-09 Alexia Auffeves , Philippe Grangier

According to Born's rule quantum probabilities are given by the overlap between the system state and measurement states in a quite symmetrical way. This means that both contribute to any observed nonclassical effect that is usually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-21 Alfredo Luis , Laura Ares

Page has recently argued that the Born rule does not suffice for computing all probabilities in quantum cosmology. He further asserts that the Born rule's failure gives rise to the cosmological measure problem. Here I contend that Page's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-28 Joshua H. Cooperman

The emergence of intrinsic probability has long been one of the most important and puzzling problems in quantum mechanics, and the law most directly related to this problem is the Born rule. For a century, there have been many attempts to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Jiaxuan Zhang

This paper gives a thorough critique of the foundations of quantum physics in its mainstream interpretation (i.e., treating pure states as primitives, without reference to hidden variables, and without modifications of the quantum laws).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-25 Arnold Neumaier

Everett's Relative State Interpretation has gained increasing interest due to the progress of understanding the role of decoherence. In order to fulfill its promise as a realistic description of the physical world, two postulates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Per Arve

A realist description of our universe requires a twofold concept of locality. On one hand, there are the strictly Einstein-local interactions which generate the time evolution. On the other hand, the quantum state space calls for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-27 Andreas O. Tell

It is argued from several points of view that quantum probabilities might play a role in statistical settings. New approaches toward quantum foundations have postulates that appear to be equally valid in macroscopic settings. One such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Inge S. Helland

A basic postulate of modern compositional approaches to generalised physical theories is the generalised Born rule, in which probabilities are postulated to be computable from the composition of states and effects. In this paper we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Gaurang Agrawal , Matt Wilson

The Born rule postulates that the probability of measurement in quantum mechanics is related to the squared modulus of the wave function $\psi$. We rearrange the equation for energy eigenfunctions to define the energy as the real part of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Nikodem Popławski , Michael Del Grosso

A new formulation of quantum mechanics is proposed based on a new principle that can be considered a generalization of the Born rule. The principle is composed of a mathematical expression and an associated interpretation, and establishes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-31 Bruno Galvan

The standard theory of quantum computation relies on the idea that the basic information quantity is represented by a superposition of elements of the canonical basis and the notion of probability naturally follows from the Born rule. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-16 Giuseppe Sergioli , Antonio Ledda

We consider how to define a natural probability distribution over worlds within a simple class of deterministic many-worlds theories. This can help us understand the typical properties of worlds within such states, and hence explain the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Anthony J. Short

Applications of quantum mechanics have led to many successful predictions and explanations of puzzling phenomena, and we now apply quantum mechanics to gain, process, and communicate information in novel ways. We can understand quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Richard Healey

In quantum experiments the acquisition and representation of basic experimental information is governed by the multinomial probability distribution. There exist unique random variables, whose standard deviation becomes asymptotically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Johann Summhammer

The argument of environment-assisted invariance (known as envariance) implying Born's rule is widely used in models for quantum measurement to reason that they must yield the correct statistics, specifically for linear models. However, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Lotte Mertens , Jasper van Wezel

The aim of the paper is to derive essential elements of quantum mechanics from a parametric structure extending that of traditional mathematical statistics. The main extensions, which also can be motivated from an applied statistics point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Inge S. Helland

I develop the decision-theoretic approach to quantum probability, originally proposed by David Deutsch, into a mathematically rigorous proof of the Born rule in (Everett-interpreted) quantum mechanics. I sketch the argument informally, then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-16 David Wallace

The Born rule, which is one of foundational axioms of quantum theory, states that the probability of obtain outcome $a$ for the quantum state $|\psi\rangle$ is determined by $P(a)=|\langle a|\psi\rangle|^{2}$. Despite its great success in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Hu Meng-Jun