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We present an exact approach to analyze and quantify the sensitivity of higher moments of probabilistic loops with symbolic parameters, polynomial arithmetic and potentially uncountable state spaces. Our approach integrates methods from…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Marcel Moosbrugger , Julian Müllner , Laura Kovács

This paper proposes a semidefinite programming based method for estimating moments of a stochastic hybrid system (SHS). For polynomial SHSs -- which consist of polynomial continuous vector fields, reset maps, and transition intensities --…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-02 Khem Raj Ghusinga , Andrew Lamperski , Abhyudai Singh

For probabilistic programs, it is usually not possible to automatically derive exact information about their properties, such as the distribution of states at a given program point. Instead, one can attempt to derive approximations, such as…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Di Wang , Jan Hoffmann , Thomas Reps

Automated program verification has always been an important component of building trustworthy software. While the analysis of real-world programs remains a theoretical challenge, the automation of loop invariant analysis has effectively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ruibang Liu , Minyu Chen , Ling-I Wu , Jingyu Ke , Guoqiang Li

A fundamental computational task in probabilistic programming is to infer a program's output (posterior) distribution from a given initial (prior) distribution. This problem is challenging, especially for expressive languages that feature…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Darion Haase , Kevin Batz , Adrian Gallus , Benjamin Lucien Kaminski , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Lutz Klinkenberg , Tobias Winkler

Provably correct software is one of the key challenges in our softwaredriven society. While formal verification establishes the correctness of a given program, the result of program synthesis is a program which is correct by construction.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Andreas Humenberger , Laura Kovacs

While abstract interpretation is not theoretically restricted to specific kinds of properties, it is, in practice, mainly developed to compute linear over-approximations of reachable sets, aka. the collecting semantics of the program. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-25 Assalé Adjé , Pierre-Loïc Garoche , Victor Magron

We present in this paper a new technique for generating polynomial invariants, divided in two independent parts : a procedure that reduces polynomial assignments composed loops analysis to linear loops under certain hypotheses and a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-24 Steven de Oliveira , Saddek Bensalem , Virgile Prevosto

We show that computing the strongest polynomial invariant for single-path loops with polynomial assignments is at least as hard as the Skolem problem, a famous problem whose decidability has been open for almost a century. While the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Julian Müllner , Marcel Moosbrugger , Laura Kovács

Essential tasks for the verification of probabilistic programs include bounding expected outcomes and proving termination in finite expected runtime. We contribute a simple yet effective inductive synthesis approach for proving such…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Kevin Batz , Mingshuai Chen , Sebastian Junges , Benjamin Lucien Kaminski , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Christoph Matheja

We describe a system to prove properties of programs. The key feature of this approach is a method to automatically synthesize inductive invariants of the loops contained in the program. The method is generic, i.e., it applies to a large…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Mnacho Echenim , Nicolas Peltier , Yanis Sellami

Testing algorithms across a wide range of problem instances is crucial to ensure the validity of any claim about one algorithm's superiority over another. However, when it comes to inference algorithms for probabilistic logic programs,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Paulius Dilkas , Vaishak Belle

We consider the classical problem of invariant generation for programs with polynomial assignments and focus on synthesizing invariants that are a conjunction of strict polynomial inequalities. We present a sound and semi-complete method…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Hongfei Fu , Amir Kafshdar Goharshady , Ehsan Kafshdar Goharshady

We present an exact Bayesian inference method for inferring posterior distributions encoded by probabilistic programs featuring possibly unbounded loops. Our method is built on a denotational semantics represented by probability generating…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Lutz Klinkenberg , Christian Blumenthal , Mingshuai Chen , Darion Haase , Joost-Pieter Katoen

In numeric-intensive computations, it is well known that the execution of floating-point programs is imprecise as floating-point arithmetic incurs round-off errors. Although round-off errors are small for a single floating-point operation,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Xuran Cai , Liqian Chen , Hongfei Fu

Probabilistic inference procedures are usually coded painstakingly from scratch, for each target model and each inference algorithm. We reduce this effort by generating inference procedures from models automatically. We make this code…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-13 Robert Zinkov , Chung-chieh Shan

Ensuring software correctness remains a fundamental challenge in formal program verification. One promising approach relies on finding polynomial invariants for loops. Polynomial invariants are properties of a program loop that hold before…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Erdenebayar Bayarmagnai , Fatemeh Mohammadi , Rémi Prébet

Program invariants are important for defect detection, program verification, and program repair. However, existing techniques have limited support for important classes of invariants such as disjunctions, which express the semantics of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-17 ThanhVu Nguyen , Deepak Kapur , Westley Weimer , Stephanie Forrest

Quantitative loop invariants are an essential element in the verification of probabilistic programs. Recently, multivariate Lagrange interpolation has been applied to synthesizing polynomial invariants. In this paper, we propose an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Yijun Feng , Lijun Zhang , David N. Jansen , Naijun Zhan , Bican Xia

We present an algorithm for synthesizing program loops satisfying a given polynomial loop invariant. The class of loops we consider can be modeled by a system of algebraic recurrence equations with constant coefficients. We turn the task of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Andreas Humenberger , Laura Kovács