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This paper presents a new graph isomorphism invariant, called $\mathfrak{w}$-labeling, that can be used to design a polynomial-time algorithm for solving the graph isomorphism problem for various graph classes. For example, all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Alpár Jüttner , Péter Madarasi

We prove the tightest-known upper bounds on the sample complexity of multi-group learning. Our algorithm extends the one-inclusion graph prediction strategy using a generalization of bipartite $b$-matching. In the group-realizable setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Noah Bergam , Samuel Deng , Daniel Hsu

It is challenging for generative models to learn a distribution over graphs because of the lack of permutation invariance: nodes may be ordered arbitrarily across graphs, and standard graph alignment is combinatorial and notoriously…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Kimia Shayestehfard , Dana Brooks , Stratis Ioannidis

In the recent years, several polynomial algorithms of a dynamical nature have been proposed to address the graph isomorphism problem. In this paper we propose a generalization of an approach exposed in cond-mat/0209112 and find that this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Marats Golovkins

In the analysis of real-world data, extracting meaningful features from signals is a crucial task. This is particularly challenging when signals contain non-stationary frequency components. The Iterative Filtering (IF) method has proven to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Giuseppe Scarlato , Antonio Cicone , Marco Donatelli

Subgraph isomorphism is a well-known NP-hard problem which is widely used in many applications, such as social network analysis and knowledge graph query. Its performance is often limited by the inherent hardness. Several insightful works…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Li Zeng , Yan Jiang , Weixin Lu , Lei Zou

In $k$-hypergraph matching, we are given a collection of sets of size at most $k$, each with an associated weight, and we seek a maximum-weight subcollection whose sets are pairwise disjoint. More generally, in $k$-hypergraph $b$-matching,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-04-04 Ojas Parekh , David Pritchard

We consider a hierarchy of graph invariants that naturally extends the spectral invariants defined by F\"urer (Lin. Alg. Appl. 2010) based on the angles formed by the set of standard basis vectors and their projections onto eigenspaces of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-06 V. Arvind , Frank Fuhlbrück , Johannes Köbler , Oleg Verbitsky

Graph neural networks are prominent models for representation learning over graph-structured data. While the capabilities and limitations of these models are well-understood for simple graphs, our understanding remains incomplete in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Xingyue Huang , Miguel Romero Orth , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Pablo Barceló

Subgraph representation learning has been effective in solving various real-world problems. However, current graph neural networks (GNNs) produce suboptimal results for subgraph-level tasks due to their inability to capture complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Dongkwan Kim , Alice Oh

Aligning users across networks using graph representation learning has been found effective where the alignment is accomplished in a low-dimensional embedding space. Yet, achieving highly precise alignment is still challenging, especially…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Li Liu , Penggang Chen , Xin Li , William K. Cheung , Youmin Zhang , Qun Liu , Guoyin Wang

A Hamiltonian decomposition of a regular graph is a partition of its edge set into Hamiltonian cycles. The problem of finding edge-disjoint Hamiltonian cycles in a given regular graph has many applications in combinatorial optimization and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Andrey Kostenko , Andrei Nikolaev

In Grochow and Qiao (SIAM J. Comput., 2021), the complexity class Tensor Isomorphism (TI) was introduced and isomorphism problems for groups, algebras, and polynomials were shown to be TI-complete. In this paper, we study average-case…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Tiange Li , Yinan Li , Youming Qiao , Dacheng Tao , Yingjie Wang

Hierarchical structure and repetition are prevalent in graphs originating from nature or engineering. These patterns can be represented by a class of parametric-structure graphs, which are defined by templates that generate structure by way…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Tal Ben-Nun , Lukas Gianinazzi , Torsten Hoefler , Yishai Oltchik

We introduce $r$-loopy Weisfeiler-Leman ($r$-$\ell{}$WL), a novel hierarchy of graph isomorphism tests and a corresponding GNN framework, $r$-$\ell{}$MPNN, that can count cycles up to length $r + 2$. Most notably, we show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Raffaele Paolino , Sohir Maskey , Pascal Welke , Gitta Kutyniok

We describe a new approach towards the systematic construction of finite groups up to isomorphism. This approach yields a practical algorithm for the construction of finite solvable groups up to isomorphism. We report on a GAP…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-18 Bettina Eick , Max Horn

We give a combinatorial characterization of generic minimal rigidity for planar periodic frameworks. The characterization is a true analogue of the Maxwell-Laman Theorem from rigidity theory: it is stated in terms of a finite combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-24 Justin Malestein , Louis Theran

Graph clustering, which aims to divide a graph into several homogeneous groups, is a critical area of study with applications that span various fields such as social network analysis, bioinformatics, and image segmentation. This paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-15 Timothé Watteau , Aubin Bonnefoy , Simon Illouz-Laurent , Joaquim Jusseau , Serge Iovleff

We use filtrations of the Grassmannian model to produce explicit algebraic formulae for all harmonic maps of finite uniton number from a Riemann surface, and so all harmonic maps from the 2-sphere, to the unitary group for a general class…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-08-12 Martin Svensson , John C. Wood

Let $\varphi:V\times V\to W$ be a bilinear map of finite vector spaces $V$ and $W$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. We present asymptotic bounds on the number of isomorphism classes of bilinear maps under the natural action of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Markus Bläser , Yinan Li , Youming Qiao , Alexander Rogovskyy