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Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access broader knowledge sources, yet factual inconsistencies persist due to noise in retrieved documents-even with advanced retrieval methods. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongjian Li , HaoCheng Chu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Zheni Zeng , Ruobing Wang , Sen Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Generation of citation-backed reports is a primary use case for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. While open-source evaluation tools exist for various RAG tasks, tools designed for report generation are lacking. Accordingly, we…

Automatic question answering is an important yet challenging task in E-commerce given the millions of questions posted by users about the product that they are interested in purchasing. Hence, there is a great demand for automatic answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Anand A. Rajasekar , Nikesh Garera

Recently, building retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems to enhance the capability of large language models (LLMs) has become a common practice. Especially in the legal domain, previous judicial decisions play a significant role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Minhu Park , Hongseok Oh , Eunkyung Choi , Wonseok Hwang

Review-based Product Question Answering (PQA) allows e-commerce platforms to automatically address customer queries by leveraging insights from user reviews. However, existing PQA systems generate answers with only a single perspective,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 An Quang Tang , Xiuzhen Zhang , Minh Ngoc Dinh , Zhuang Li

Given a textual passage and an answer, humans are able to ask questions with various expressions, but this ability is still challenging for most question generation (QG) systems. Existing solutions mainly focus on the internal knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Qi Gou , Zehua Xia , Bowen Yu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Nguyen Cam-Tu

Adaptive retrieval-augmented generation (ARAG) aims to dynamically determine the necessity of retrieval for queries instead of retrieving indiscriminately to enhance the efficiency and relevance of the sourced information. However, previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Zihan Zhang , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Recommendation systems are an important units in today's e-commerce applications, such as targeted advertising, personalized marketing and information retrieval. In recent years, the importance of contextual information has motivated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-07-29 Tal Hadad

Promptly and accurately answering questions on products is important for e-commerce applications. Manually answering product questions (e.g. on community question answering platforms) results in slow response and does not scale. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Shiwei Zhang , Xiuzhen Zhang , Jey Han Lau , Jeffrey Chan , Cecile Paris

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a promising solution to enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieval with generative capabilities. While significant advancements have been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sizhe Cheng , Jiaping Li , Huanchen Wang , Yuxin Ma

In customer contact centers, human agents often struggle with long average handling times (AHT) due to the need to manually interpret queries and retrieve relevant knowledge base (KB) articles. While retrieval augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Garima Agrawal , Sashank Gummuluri , Cosimo Spera

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieval models for identifying relevant contexts and answer generation models for utilizing those contexts. However, retrievers exhibit imperfect recall and precision, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Risham Sidhu , Cheng Niu , Hao Peng , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

RAGE systems integrate ideas from automatic evaluation (E) into Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG). As one such example, we present Crucible, a Nugget-Augmented Generation System that preserves explicit citation provenance by constructing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Laura Dietz , Bryan Li , Gabrielle Liu , Jia-Huei Ju , Eugene Yang , Dawn Lawrie , William Walden , James Mayfield

Despite the success of integrating large language models into the development of conversational systems, many studies have shown the effectiveness of retrieving and augmenting external knowledge for informative responses. Hence, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Xi Wang , Procheta Sen , Ruizhe Li , Emine Yilmaz

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remains a challenging task: existing metrics often collapse heterogeneous behaviors into single scores and provide little insight into whether errors arise from retrieval,reasoning, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Keerthana Murugaraj , Salima Lamsiyah , Martin Theobald

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Existing Reward Models (RMs), typically trained on general preference data, struggle in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) settings, which require judging responses for faithfulness to retrieved context, relevance to the user query,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Andrei C. Coman , Ionut-Teodor Sorodoc , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Bill Byrne , James Henderson , Adrià de Gispert

Existing conversational recommendation (CR) systems usually suffer from insufficient item information when conducted on short dialogue history and unfamiliar items. Incorporating external information (e.g., reviews) is a potential solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Yu Lu , Junwei Bao , Yan Song , Zichen Ma , Shuguang Cui , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He