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Class imbalance is a common problem in supervised learning and impedes the predictive performance of classification models. Popular countermeasures include oversampling the minority class. Standard methods like SMOTE rely on finding nearest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Justin Engelmann , Stefan Lessmann

Unbalanced tabular data sets present significant challenges for predictive modeling and data analysis across a wide range of applications. In many real-world scenarios, such as fraud detection, medical diagnosis, and rare event prediction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Ivona Krchova , Michael Platzer , Paul Tiwald

This paper evaluates six strategies for mitigating imbalanced data: oversampling, undersampling, ensemble methods, specialized algorithms, class weight adjustments, and a no-mitigation approach referred to as the baseline. These strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jacques Wainer

In this study, we systematically investigate the impact of class imbalance on classification performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and compare frequently used methods to address the issue. Class imbalance is a common problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Mateusz Buda , Atsuto Maki , Maciej A. Mazurowski

For classification problems with significant class imbalance, subsampling can reduce computational costs at the price of inflated variance in estimating model parameters. We propose a method for subsampling efficiently for logistic…

Computation · Statistics 2014-09-24 William Fithian , Trevor Hastie

The problem of class imbalance is extensive for focusing on numerous applications in the real world. In such a situation, nearly all of the examples are labeled as one class called majority class, while far fewer examples are labeled as the…

Training a classification model on a dataset where the instances of one class outnumber those of the other class is a challenging problem. Such imbalanced datasets are standard in real-world situations such as fraud detection, medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Anubha Kabra , Ayush Chopra , Nikaash Puri , Pinkesh Badjatiya , Sukriti Verma , Piyush Gupta , Balaji K

Class imbalance is a characteristic known for making learning more challenging for classification models as they may end up biased towards the majority class. A promising approach among the ensemble-based methods in the context of imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Mariana A. Souza , Robert Sabourin , George D. C. Cavalcanti , Rafael M. O. Cruz

Numerous Deep Learning (DL)-based approaches have gained attention in software Log Anomaly Detection (LAD), yet class imbalance in training data remains a challenge, with anomalies often comprising less than 1% of datasets like Thunderbird.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Xiaoxue Ma , Huiqi Zou , Pinjia He , Jacky Keung , Yishu Li , Xiao Yu , Federica Sarro

A major challenge for building statistical models in the big data era is that the available data volume far exceeds the computational capability. A common approach for solving this problem is to employ a subsampled dataset that can be…

Computation · Statistics 2018-09-14 Lei Han , Kean Ming Tan , Ting Yang , Tong Zhang

Class imbalance problem is commonly faced while developing machine learning models for real-life issues. Due to this problem, the fitted model tends to be biased towards the majority class data, which leads to lower precision, recall, AUC,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Md. Adnan Arefeen , Sumaiya Tabassum Nimi , M Sohel Rahman

Imbalance in the proportion of training samples belonging to different classes often poses performance degradation of conventional classifiers. This is primarily due to the tendency of the classifier to be biased towards the majority…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Ayush Tripathi , Rupayan Chakraborty , Sunil Kumar Kopparapu

Imbalanced learning is a fundamental challenge in data mining, where there is a disproportionate ratio of training samples in each class. Over-sampling is an effective technique to tackle imbalanced learning through generating synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Qiaoyu Tan , Sirui Ding , Na Zou , Xia Hu

Class imbalance in supervised classification often degrades model performance by biasing predictions toward the majority class, particularly in critical applications such as medical diagnosis and fraud detection. Traditional oversampling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-16 Suman Cha , Hyunjoong Kim

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has achieved great success in overcoming the difficulties of labeling and making full use of unlabeled data. However, SSL has a limited assumption that the numbers of samples in different classes are balanced,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Minsung Hyun , Jisoo Jeong , Nojun Kwak

Synthetic oversampling of minority examples using SMOTE and its variants is a leading strategy for addressing imbalanced classification problems. Despite the success of this approach in practice, its theoretical foundations remain…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Touqeer Ahmad , Mohammadreza M. Kalan , François Portier , Gilles Stupfler

Multi-label learning deals with the problem that each instance is associated with multiple labels simultaneously. Most of the existing approaches aim to improve the performance of multi-label learning by exploiting label correlations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Senlin Shu , Fengmao Lv , Yan Yan , Li Li , Shuo He , Jun He

The imbalanced data classification is one of the most crucial tasks facing modern data analysis. Especially when combined with other difficulty factors, such as the presence of noise, overlapping class distributions, and small disjuncts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Michał Koziarski , Michał Woźniak , Bartosz Krawczyk

In most real-world scenarios, labeled training datasets are highly class-imbalanced, where deep neural networks suffer from generalizing to a balanced testing criterion. In this paper, we explore a novel yet simple way to alleviate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jaehyung Kim , Jongheon Jeong , Jinwoo Shin

Imbalanced regression occurs when continuous target variables have skewed distributions, creating sparse regions that are difficult for machine learning models to predict accurately. This issue particularly affects neural networks, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shayan Alahyari , Mike Domaratzki