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Quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to generate secure private keys shared by two remote parties. With its security being protected by principles of quantum mechanics, some technology challenges remain towards practical application of QKD.…

Quantum resistance is vital for emerging cryptographic systems as quantum technologies continue to advance towards large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers. Resistance may be offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), which provides…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are proven secure based on fundamental physical laws, however, the proofs consider a well-defined setting and encoding of the sent quantum signals only. Side channels, where the encoded quantum state…

We propose a continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD) protocol, in which detection is conducted by an untrusted third party. Our protocol can defend all detector side channels, which seriously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-13 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Feihu Xu , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) is a key application of the quantum internet. We report the realization of DI-QKD between two single-atom nodes linked by 100-km fibers. To improve the entangling rate, single-photon…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a promising technology aiming at solving the security problem arising from the advent of quantum computers. While the main theoretical aspects are well developed today, limited performances, in terms of…

How to remove detector side channel attacks has been a notoriously hard problem in quantum cryptography. Here, we propose a simple solution to this problem---*measurement* device independent quantum key distribution. It not only removes all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-30 Hoi-Kwong Lo , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) can provide information-theoretically secure communications and is a strong candidate for the next generation of cryptography. However, in practice, the performance of QKD is limited by "practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-24 Wenyuan Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key exchanges between two remote users. The ultimate goal of secure communication is to establish a global quantum network. The existing field tests suggest that quantum networks are feasible.…

Quantum key distribution (QKD), harnessing quantum physics and optoelectronics, may promise unconditionally secure information exchange in theory. Recently, theoretical and experimental advances in measurement-device-independent (MDI-) QKD…

A critical aspect of next-generation wireless networks is the integration of quantum communications to guard against quantum computing threats to classical networks. Despite successful experimental demonstrations, integrating quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Phuc V. Trinh , Shinya Sugiura , Carlo Ottaviani , Chao Xu , Lajos Hanzo

Transmitter-device-dependence is a longstanding but often implicit problem in quantum key distribution (QKD), as compared to measurement-device-dependence. One-sided device-independent (1sDI) scenario relaxes the security conditions of DI…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Qiang Zeng , Abhishek Mishra , Haoyang Wang , Zhiliang Yuan

The reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI QKD) protocol enables QKD systems to function effectively despite slowly varying reference frames, offering a distinct advantage in practical scenarios, particularly in mobile…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Xin Liu , Di Luo , Zhicheng Luo , Shizhuo Li , Zhenrong Zhang , Kejin Wei

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is maturing quickly. However, the current approaches to its application in optical networks make it an expensive technology. QKD networks deployed to date are designed as a collection of point-to-point,…

In this work we analyze a measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol to establish continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) between two ground stations. We assume communication occurs between the ground stations via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Nedasadat Hosseinidehaj , Robert Malaney

In this paper, we propose a new efficient mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol, facilitating the establishment of a shared secret key between two classical participants with the assistance of an untrusted third party…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Mustapha Anis Younes , Sofia Zebboudj , Abdelhakim Gharbi

Distributing secret keys with information-theoretic security is arguably one of the most important achievements of the field of quantum information processing and communications. The rapid progress in this field has enabled quantum key…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a means of generating keys between a pair of computing hosts that is theoretically secure against cryptanalysis, even by a quantum computer. Although there is much active research into improving the QKD…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Piotr K. Tysowski , Xinhua Ling , Norbert Lütkenhaus , Michele Mosca

This paper addresses multi-user quantum key distribution networks, in which any two users can mutually exchange a secret key without trusting any other nodes. The same network also supports conventional classical communications by assigning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-27 Mohsen Razavi

We demonstrate that, with a fair comparison, the secret key rate of discrete-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (DV-MDI-QKD) with high-efficiency single-photon detectors and good system alignment is typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-01 Feihu Xu , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo