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The Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX) is a very popular symbolic dimensionality reduction technique of time series data, as it has several advantages over other dimensionality reduction techniques. One of its major advantages is its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Muhammad Marwan Muhammad Fuad

Processing and analyzing time series data\-sets have become a central issue in many domains requiring data management systems to support time series as a native data type. A crucial prerequisite of these systems is time series matching,…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Lars Kegel , Claudio Hartmann , Maik Thiele , Wolfgang Lehner

Time series mining is an important branch of data mining, as time series data is ubiquitous and has many applications in several domains. The main task in time series mining is classification. Time series representation methods play an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Muhammad Marwan Muhammad Fuad

This paper deals with symbolic time series representation. It builds up on the popular mapping technique Symbolic Aggregate approXimation algorithm (SAX), which is extensively utilized in sequence classification, pattern mining, anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Matej Kloska , Viera Rozinajova

Time series classification is an important problem in data mining with several applications in different domains. Because time series data are usually high dimensional, dimensionality reduction techniques have been proposed as an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Muhammad Marwan Muhammad Fuad

Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) is a competitive basic dimension reduction method for high-dimensional time series mining. When deployed, however, the limitations are obvious that some important information will be missed,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Chunkai Zhang , Yingyang Chen , Ao Yin , Zhen Qin , Xing Zhang , Keli Zhang , Zoe L. Jiang

The similarity search problem is one of the main problems in time series data mining. Traditionally, this problem was tackled by sequentially comparing the given query against all the time series in the database, and returning all the time…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-01-25 Muhammad Marwan Muhammad Fuad , Pierre-François Marteau

Due to the importance of the lower bounding distances and the attractiveness of symbolic representations, the family of symbolic aggregate approximations (SAX) has been used extensively for encoding time series data. However, typical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Konstantinos Bountrogiannis , George Tzagkarakis , Panagiotis Tsakalides

In time series analysis research there is a strong interest in discrete representations of real valued data streams. One approach that emerged over a decade ago and is still considered state-of-the-art is the Symbolic Aggregate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Matthew Butler , Dimitar Kazakov

The advent of the Big Data hype and the consistent recollection of event logs and real-time data from sensors, monitoring software and machine configuration has generated a huge amount of time-varying data in about every sector of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Fabio Guigou , Pierre Collet , Pierre Parrend

Understanding temporal patterns in online search behavior is crucial for real-time marketing and trend forecasting. Google Trends offers a rich proxy for public interest, yet the high dimensionality and noise of its time-series data present…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-25 Pola Bereta , Ioannis Diamantis

Satellite Image Time Series (SITS) are an important source of information for studying land occupation and its evolution. Indeed, the very large volumes of digital data stored, usually are not ready to a direct analysis. In order to both…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Dalila Attaf , Djamila Hamdadou , Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Aicha Lafrid

Bio-inspired optimization algorithms have been gaining more popularity recently. One of the most important of these algorithms is particle swarm optimization (PSO). PSO is based on the collective intelligence of a swam of particles. Each…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-12-09 Muhammad Marwan Muhammad Fuad

We introduce ASTRIDE (Adaptive Symbolization for Time seRIes DatabasEs), a novel symbolic representation of time series, along with its accelerated variant FASTRIDE (Fast ASTRIDE). Unlike most symbolization procedures, ASTRIDE is adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Sylvain W. Combettes , Charles Truong , Laurent Oudre

Symbolic representations are a useful tool for the dimension reduction of temporal data, allowing for the efficient storage of and information retrieval from time series. They can also enhance the training of machine learning algorithms on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Xinye Chen , Stefan Güttel

Time series anomaly detection has achieved remarkable progress in recent years. However, evaluation practices have received comparatively less attention, despite their critical importance. Existing metrics exhibit several limitations: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuewei Li , Dalin Zhang , Huan Li , Xinyi Gong , Hongjun Chu , Zhaohui Song

The time series classification literature has expanded rapidly over the last decade, with many new classification approaches published each year. The research focus has mostly been on improving the accuracy and efficiency of classifiers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Thach Le Nguyen , Severin Gsponer , Iulia Ilie , Georgiana Ifrim

Temporal graphs represent binary relationships that change along time. They can model the dynamism of, for example, social and communication networks. Temporal graphs are defined as sets of contacts that are edges tagged with the temporal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Nieves R. Brisaboa , Diego Caro , Antonio Fariña , M. Andrea Rodriguez

Symbolic regression (SR) aims to find symbolic expressions that describe datasets. Due to its inherent interpretability, is a powerful paradigm for scientific discovery. Recent advances have expanded SR to describe related phenomena using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Viktor Martinek , Roland Herzog

Time series analysis is the process of building a model using statistical techniques to represent characteristics of time series data. Processing and forecasting huge time series data is a challenging task. This paper presents Approximation…

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