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Reaction-Diffusion (RD) systems provide a computational framework that governs many pattern formation processes in nature. Current RD system design practices boil down to trial-and-error parameter search. We propose a differentiable…
Morphogenesis is central to biology but remains largely unexplored in chemistry. Reaction-diffusion (RD) mechanisms are, however, essential to understand how shape emerges in the living world. While numerical methods confirm the incredible…
We present a distributed algorithm for a swarm of active particles to camouflage in an environment. Each particle is equipped with sensing, computation and communication, allowing the system to take color and gradient information from the…
Multi-cellular robot design aims to create robots comprised of numerous cells that can be efficiently controlled to perform diverse tasks. Previous research has demonstrated the ability to generate robots for various tasks, but these…
Brain-body co-evolution enables animals to develop complex behaviors in their environments. Inspired by this biological synergy, embodied co-design (ECD) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for creating intelligent agents-from virtual…
Probabilistic zero-forcing is a coloring process on a graph. In this process, an initial set of vertices is colored blue, and the remaining vertices are colored white. At each time step, blue vertices have a non-zero probability of forcing…
The human visual color response is driven by specialized cells called cones, which exist in three types, viz. R, G, and B. Software is developed to simulate how color images are displayed for different types of color blindness. Specified…
Combining experiments with artificial intelligence algorithms, we propose a new machine learning based approach to extract the cellular force distributions from the microscope images. The full process can be divided into three steps. First,…
Multimodal ambiguity and color bleeding remain challenging in colorization. To tackle these problems, we propose a new GAN-based colorization approach PalGAN, integrated with palette estimation and chromatic attention. To circumvent the…
A textile fabric consists of countless parallel vertical yarns (warps) and horizontal yarns (wefts). While common looms can weave repetitive patterns, Jacquard looms can weave the patterns without repetition restrictions. A pattern in which…
We establish a sharp upper bound on the number of properly $3$-edge-colored $K_4$'s in graphs with $R$ red, $G$ green and $B$ blue edges. We give a computer-free flag-algebra proof of this bound, and we also convert our proof into a…
A Cellular Automata (CA) rule is presented that can generate "loop patterns" in a 2D grid under fixed boundary conditions. A loop is a cyclically closed path represented by one-cells enclosed by zero-cells. A loop pattern can contain…
Bright, saturated structural colors in birds have inspired synthesis of self-assembled, disordered arrays of assembled nanoparticles with varied particle spacings and refractive indices. However, predicting colors of assembled…
Learning color mixing is difficult for novice painters. In order to support novice painters in learning color mixing, we propose a prediction model for semitransparent pigment mixtures and use its prediction results to create a Smart…
Deep unfolding is a method of growing popularity that fuses iterative optimization algorithms with tools from neural networks to efficiently solve a range of tasks in machine learning, signal and image processing, and communication systems.…
While many image colorization algorithms have recently shown the capability of producing plausible color versions from gray-scale photographs, they still suffer from limited semantic understanding. To address this shortcoming, we propose to…
Deep networks have shown impressive performance in the image restoration tasks, such as image colorization. However, we find that previous approaches rely on the digital representation from single color model with a specific mapping…
We prove new bounds on the distributed fractional coloring problem in the LOCAL model. Fractional $c$-colorings can be understood as multicolorings as follows. For some natural numbers $p$ and $q$ such that $p/q\leq c$, each node $v$ is…
Edge-coloured directed graphs provide an essential structure for modelling and analysis of complex systems arising in many scientific disciplines (e.g. feature-oriented systems, gene regulatory networks, etc.). One of the fundamental…
A blood cell lineage consists of several consecutive developmental stages from the pluripotent or multipotent stem cell to a particular stage of terminally differentiated cells. There is considerable interest in identifying the key…