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Entanglement routing in near-term quantum networks consists of choosing the optimal sequence of short-range entanglements to combine through swapping operations to establish end-to-end entanglement between two distant nodes. Similar to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Amar Abane , Michael Cubeddu , Van Sy Mai , Abdella Battou

The Quantum Internet, a network of quantum-enabled infrastructure, represents the next frontier in telecommunications, promising capabilities that cannot be attained by classical counterparts. A crucial step in realizing such large-scale…

With the advantages of high-speed parallel processing, quantum computers can efficiently solve large-scale complex optimization problems in future networks. However, due to the uncertain qubit fidelity and quantum channel noise, distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Napat Ngoenriang , Minrui Xu , Jiawen Kang , Dusit Niyato , Han Yu , Xuemin , Shen

Quantum networks play an extremely important role in quantum information science, with application to quantum communication, computation, metrology and fundamental tests. One of the key challenges for implementing a quantum network is to…

Small interconnected quantum processors can collaborate to tackle quantum computational problems that typically demand more capable devices. These linked processors, referred to as quantum nodes, can use shared entangled states to execute…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-26 Lars Talsma , Álvaro G. Iñesta , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum networks are composed of nodes which can send and receive quantum states by exchanging photons. Their goal is to facilitate quantum communication between any nodes, something which can be used to send secret messages in a secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonio Acin , J. Ignacio Cirac , Maciej Lewenstein

We propose an approach to distribute high-fidelity long-range entanglement in a quantum network assisted by the entanglement supplied by auxiliary short-range paths between the network nodes. Entanglement assistance in the form of shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-20 Siddhartha Santra , Vladimir S. Malinovsky

Large-scale quantum networks have been employed to overcome practical constraints of transmissions and storage for single entangled systems. Our goal in this article is to explore the strong entanglement distribution of quantum networks. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-18 Xue Yang , Yan-Han Yang , Ming-Xing Luo

Building large-scale quantum computers, essential to demonstrating quantum advantage, is a key challenge. Quantum Networks (QNs) can help address this challenge by enabling the construction of large, robust, and more capable quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-20 Xiaojie Fan , Caitao Zhan , Himanshu Gupta , C. R. Ramakrishnan

Quantum communication is a growing area of research, with quantum internet being one of the most promising applications. Studying the statistical properties of this network is essential to understanding its connectivity and the efficiency…

Quantum internet needs to ensure timely provision of entangled qubits to be used in tasks that involve distributed quantum computing or sensing. This has been addressed by a top-down approach of optimized quantum networks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Jakob Kaltoft Søndergaard , René Bødker Christensen , Petar Popovski

Entanglement percolation aims at generating maximal entanglement between any two nodes of a quantum network by utilizing strategies based solely on local operations and classical communication between the nodes. As it happens in classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Alessandro Romancino , Jordi Romero-Pallejà , G. Massimo Palma , Anna Sanpera

The distribution of entanglement in quantum networks is typically approached under idealized assumptions such as perfect synchronization and centralized control, while classical communication is often neglected. However, these assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Shahrooz Pouryousef , Hassan Shapourian , Don Towsley

Quantum key distribution---exchanging a random secret key relying on a quantum mechanical resource---is the core feature of secure quantum networks. Entanglement-based protocols offer additional layers of security and scale favorably with…

A long-distance quantum network for distributing entangled states would support novel information applications, such as unconditionally secure cryptography and distributed quantum computing. Realizing such a network requires hardware that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-18 Cody Jones , Kristiaan De Greve , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Establishing entanglement between distant parties is one of the most important problems of quantum technology, since long-distance entanglement is an essential part of such fundamental tasks as quantum cryptography or quantum teleportation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-20 Alexander Streltsov , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Efficient entanglement distribution is the foundational challenge in realizing large-scale Quantum Networks. However, state-of-the-art solutions are frequently limited by restrictive operational assumptions, prohibitive computational…

This work introduces a compact framework for analyzing asynchronous entanglement distribution protocols under realistic error models. We focus on two contemporary protocols: sequential, where entanglement is established one node at a time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Emma Hughes , William Munizzi , Prineha Narang

The past decade has seen tremendous progress in experimentally realizing the building blocks of quantum repeaters. Repeater architectures with multiplexed quantum memories have been proposed to increase entanglement distribution rates, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Yuan Lee , Eric Bersin , Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner , Dirk Englund

The key requirement for quantum networking is the distribution of entanglement between nodes. Surprisingly, entanglement can be generated across a network without direct transfer - or communication - of entanglement. In contrast to…