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Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly powers sensitive applications in domains such as healthcare and finance, relying on both linear operations (e.g., matrix multiplications in large language models) and non-linear operations (e.g.,…

Cross-silo federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing training data, but privacy in FL remains a major challenge. Techniques using homomorphic encryption (HE) have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Jiahui Wu , Weizhe Zhang , Fucai Luo

In recent years, Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has undergone several breakthroughs and advancements, leading to a leap in performance. Today, performance is no longer a major barrier to adoption. Instead, it is the complexity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Alexander Viand , Patrick Jattke , Miro Haller , Anwar Hithnawi

Full Disk Encryption (FDE) has become a widely used security feature. Although FDE can provide confidentiality, it generally does not provide cryptographic data integrity protection. We introduce an algorithm-agnostic solution that provides…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Milan Broz , Mikulas Patocka , Vashek Matyas

This paper proposes a non-interactive end-to-end solution for secure fusion and matching of biometric templates using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Given a pair of encrypted feature vectors, we perform the following ciphertext…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Luke Sperling , Nalini Ratha , Arun Ross , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti

We propose a new homomorphic encryption scheme based on the hardness of decoding under independent random noise from certain affine families of codes. Unlike in previous lattice-based homomorphic encryption schemes, where the message is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-21 Andrej Bogdanov , Chin Ho Lee

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables privacy-preserving Transformer inference, but long-sequence encrypted Transformers quickly exceed single-GPU memory capacity because encoded weights are already large and encrypted activations grow…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhaoting Gong , Ran Ran , Fan Yao , Wujie Wen

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a set of powerful cryptographic schemes that allows computation to be performed directly on encrypted data with an unlimited depth. Despite FHE's promising in privacy-preserving computing, yet in most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Huang , Xinsheng Gong , Xiangyu Kong , Dibei Chen , Jianfeng Zhu , Wenping Zhu , Liangwei Li , Mingyu Gao , Shaojun Wei , Aoyang Zhang , Leibo Liu

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables an entity to perform arbitrary computation on encrypted data without decrypting the ciphertexts. An ongoing group-theoretical approach to construct an FHE scheme uses a certain "compression"…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Koji Nuida

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is one of the most promising technologies for privacy protection as it allows an arbitrary number of function computations over encrypted data. However, the computational cost of these FHE systems limits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Toufique Morshed , Md Momin Al Aziz , Noman Mohammed

Quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE), allows a quantum cloud server to compute on private data as uploaded by a client. We provide a proof-of-concept software simulation for QHE, according to the "EPR" scheme of Broadbent and Jeffery, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Sohrab Ganjian , Connor Paddock , Anne Broadbent

This paper redefines the foundations of asymmetric cryptography's homomorphic cryptosystems through the application of the Yoneda Lemma. It demonstrates that widely adopted systems, including ElGamal, RSA, Benaloh, Regev's LWE, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Rémy Tuyéras

The widespread adoption of Machine Learning as a Service raises critical privacy and security concerns, particularly about data confidentiality and trust in both cloud providers and the machine learning models. Homomorphic Encryption (HE)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nges Brian Njungle , Eric Jahns , Michel A. Kinsy

We suggest using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) to be used, not only to keep the privacy of information but also, to verify computations with no additional significant overhead, using only part of the variables length for verification.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Shlomi Dolev , Arseni Kalma

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is known to be extremely computationally-intensive, application-specific accelerators emerged as a powerful solution to narrow the performance gap. Nonetheless, due to the increasing complexities in FHE…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Lin Ding , Song Bian , Penggao He , Yan Xu , Gang Qu , Jiliang Zhang

An exercise in implementing Scale Invariant Feature Transform using CKKS Fully Homomorphic encryption quickly reveals some glaring limitations in the current FHE paradigm. These limitations include the lack of a standard comparison operator…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Ishwar B Balappanawar , Bhargav Srinivas Kommireddy

Format Preserving Encryption (FPE) schemes encrypt a plaintext into a ciphertext while preserving its format (e.g., a valid social-security number is encrypted into a valid social-security number), thus allowing encrypted data to be stored…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Mor Weiss , Boris Rozenberg , Muhammad Barham

Fully Homomorphic Encryption~(FHE) is a key technology enabling privacy-preserving computing. However, the fundamental challenge of FHE is its inefficiency, due primarily to the underlying polynomial computations with high computation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Junxue Zhang , Xiaodian Cheng , Liu Yang , Jinbin Hu , Ximeng Liu , Kai Chen

The paper proposes a method to secure the Compressive Sensing (CS) streams. It consists in protecting part of the measurements by a secret key and inserting the code into the rest. The secret key is generated via a cryptographically secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Cristina-Elena Popa , Cristian Damian , Daniela Coltuc

Smart mobility is a promising approach to meet urban transport needs in an environmentally and and user-friendly way. Smart mobility computes itineraries with multiple means of transportation, e.g., trams, rental bikes or electric scooters,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Anika Hannemann , Erik Buchmann