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Graph colorings are becoming an increasingly useful family of mathematical models for a broad range of applications, such as time tabling and scheduling, frequency assignment, register allocation, computer security and so on. Graph proper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-06 Bing Yao , Ming Yao , Xiang-en Chen

In graph coloring problems, the goal is to assign a positive integer color to each vertex of an input graph such that adjacent vertices do not receive the same color assignment. For classic graph coloring, the goal is to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Joan Boyar , Leah Epstein , Lene M. Favrholdt , Kim S. Larsen , Asaf Levin

We study the following question: Given are two $k$-colorings $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, and integer $\ell$. The question is whether $\alpha$ can be modified into $\beta$, by recoloring vertices one at a time, while…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-17 Paul Bonsma , Amer E. Mouawad

We consider a decentralized graph coloring model where each vertex only knows its own color and whether some neighbor has the same color as it. The networking community has studied this model extensively due to its applications to channel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Deeparnab Chakrabarty , Paul de Supinski

We give an almost complete characterization of the hardness of $c$-coloring $\chi$-chromatic graphs with distributed algorithms, for a wide range of models of distributed computing. In particular, we show that these problems do not admit…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Xavier Coiteux-Roy , Francesco d'Amore , Rishikesh Gajjala , Fabian Kuhn , François Le Gall , Henrik Lievonen , Augusto Modanese , Marc-Olivier Renou , Gustav Schmid , Jukka Suomela

Graph coloring involves assigning colors to the vertices of a graph such that two vertices linked by an edge receive different colors. Graph coloring problems are general models that are very useful to formulate many relevant applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Olivier Goudet , Béatrice Duval , Jin-Kao Hao

In this paper, we present improved algorithms for the $(\Delta+1)$ (vertex) coloring problem in the Congested-Clique model of distributed computing. In this model, the input is a graph on $n$ nodes, initially each node knows only its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Merav Parter

We show that for any fixed integer $m \geq 1$, a graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ has a coloring with $O(\Delta^{(m+1)/m})$ colors in which every connected bicolored subgraph contains at most $m$ edges. This result unifies previously known…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-28 Peter Bradshaw

The coloring problem (i.e., computing the chromatic number of a graph) can be solved in $O^*(2^n)$ time, as shown by Bj\"orklund, Husfeldt and Koivisto in 2009. For $k=3,4$, better algorithms are known for the $k$-coloring problem.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Or Zamir

We study graph coloring problems in the streaming model, where the goal is to process an $n$-vertex graph whose edges arrive in a stream, using a limited space that is smaller than the trivial $O(n^2)$ bound. While prior work has largely…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sepehr Assadi , Janani Sundaresan , Helia Yazdanyar

We contribute to the theoretical understanding of randomized search heuristics for dynamic problems. We consider the classical vertex coloring problem on graphs and investigate the dynamic setting where edges are added to the current graph.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Jakob Bossek , Frank Neumann , Pan Peng , Dirk Sudholt

The paper deals with extremal problems concerning colorings of hypergraphs. By using a random recoloring algorithm we show that any $n$-uniform simple (i.e. every two distinct edges share at most one vertex) hypergraph $H$ with maximum edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-25 Jakub Kozik , Dmitry Shabanov

We give a fully dynamic deterministic algorithm for maintaining a maximal matching of an $n$-vertex graph in $\tilde{O}(n^{8/9})$ amortized update time. This breaks the long-standing $\Omega(n)$-update-time barrier on dense graphs,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Aaron Bernstein , Sayan Bhattacharya , Peter Kiss , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We present a new algorithm for the exact uniform sampling of proper \(k\)-colorings of a graph on \(n\) vertices with maximum degree~\(\Delta\). The algorithm is based on partial rejection sampling (PRS) and introduces a soft relaxation of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sarat Moka , Ava Vahedi

We study the 3-\textsc{Coloring} problem in graphs with small diameter. In 2013, Mertzios and Spirakis showed that for $n$-vertex diameter-2 graphs this problem can be solved in subexponential time $2^{\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{n \log n})}$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Michał Dębski , Marta Piecyk , Paweł Rzążewski

We improve upper bounds on the chromatic number proven independently in \cite{reedNote} and \cite{ingo}. Our main lemma gives a sufficient condition for two paths in graph to be completely joined. Using this, we prove that if a graph has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Landon Rabern

Maximum cardinality matching in bipartite graphs is an important and well-studied problem. The fully dynamic version, in which edges are inserted and deleted over time has also been the subject of much attention. Existing algorithms for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-18 Aaron Bernstein , Cliff Stein

We consider the problem of coloring a 3-colorable graph in polynomial time using as few colors as possible. We present a combinatorial algorithm getting down to $\tO(n^{4/11})$ colors. This is the first combinatorial improvement of Blum's…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-05-08 Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Mikkel Thorup

We present a simple deterministic distributed algorithm that computes a $(\Delta+1)$-vertex coloring in $O(\log^2 \Delta \cdot \log n)$ rounds. The algorithm can be implemented with $O(\log n)$-bit messages. The algorithm can also be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Mohsen Ghaffari , Fabian Kuhn

Consider an n-vertex graph G = (V,E) of maximum degree Delta, and suppose that each vertex v \in V hosts a processor. The processors are allowed to communicate only with their neighbors in G. The communication is synchronous, i.e., it…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2010-03-09 Leonid Barenboim , Michael Elkin