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We study spanning diverging forests of a digraph and related matrices. It is shown that the normalized matrix of out forests of a digraph coincides with the transition matrix in a specific observation model for Markov chains related to the…
A new very simple proof of the number of labeled rooted forest-graphs with a given number of vertices is given. As a partial case of this formula we have Cayley's formula.
We give explicit formulas for resistance distance matrices and Moore-Penrose inverses of incidence and Laplacian matrices of ladder, circular ladder, and M\"{o}bius ladder graphs. As a result, we compute the Kirchhoff index of these graphs…
Let $G=(V,\overrightarrow{E})$ be a graph with some prescribed orientation for the edges and $\Gamma$ be an arbitrary group. If $f\in \mathrm{Inv}(\Gamma)$ be an anti-involution then the skew gain graph $\Phi_f=(G,\Gamma,\varphi,f)$ is such…
Determining and analyzing the spectra of graphs is an important and exciting research topic in theoretical computer science. The eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian of a graph provide information on its structural properties and also on…
This paper is a continuation of arXiv:1612.03873. We prove a three-parameter family of identities (Theorem 1.1) involving a version of the Tutte polynomial for directed graphs introduced by Awan and Bernardi in arXiv:1610.01839. A…
We extend Edmonds' Branching Theorem to locally finite infinite digraphs. As examples of Oxley or Aharoni and Thomassen show, this cannot be done using ordinary arborescences, whose underlying graphs are trees. Instead we introduce the…
Courcelle's Theorem is an important result in graph theory, proving the existence of linear-time algorithms for many decision problems on graphs whose tree-width is bounded by a constant. The purpose of this text is twofold: to provide an…
The generalized composition graph is used by Cardoso and some researchers for factorization of the adjacency spectrum and Laplacian of a simple graph. Because the generalized composition graph is an example of a set-theoretic linear operad,…
In this note, we present a simple non-directed graph proof of Sharkovsky's theorem which is different from the one given in [2].
We present here another proof of Oscar Rojo's theorems about the spectrum of graph Laplacian on certain balanced trees, by taking advantage of the symmetry properties of the trees in question, and looking into the eigenfunctions of…
A well-known conjecture of Stanley is that the h-vector of a matroid is a pure O-sequence. There have been numerous papers with partial progress on this conjecture, but it is still wide open. In particular, for graphic matroids coming from…
A theory of orientation on gain graphs (voltage graphs) is developed to generalize the notion of orientation on graphs and signed graphs. Using this orientation scheme, the line graph of a gain graph is studied. For a particular family of…
We prove that finding a $k$-edge induced subgraph is fixed-parameter tractable, thereby answering an open problem of Leizhen Cai. Our algorithm is based on several combinatorial observations, Gauss' famous \emph{Eureka} theorem [Andrews,…
We introduce a homotopy theory of digraphs (directed graphs) and prove its basic properties, including the relations to the homology theory of digraphs constructed by the authors in previous papers. In particular, we prove the homotopy…
The diagonal entries of pseudoinverse of the Laplacian matrix of a graph appear in many important practical applications, since they contain much information of the graph and many relevant quantities can be expressed in terms of them, such…
Motivated by discrete Laplacian differential operators with various accuracy orders in numerical analysis, we introduce new matrices attached to a simple graph that can be considered graph Laplacians with higher accuracy. In particular, we…
For an additive submonoid $\mathcal{M}$ of $\mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}$, the weight of an $\mathcal{M}$-labeled directed graph is the sum of all of its edge labels, while the content is the product of the labels. Having fixed $\mathcal{M}$ and a…
By revisiting the Kirchhoff's Matrix-Tree Theorem, we give an exact formula for the number of spanning trees of a graph in terms of the quantum relative entropy between the maximally mixed state and another state specifically obtained from…
The seminal papers of Edmonds \cite{Egy}, Nash-Williams \cite{NW} and Tutte \cite{Tu} have laid the foundations of the theories of packing arborescences and packing trees. The directed version has been extensively investigated, resulting in…