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Accurate electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern decoding for specific mental tasks is one of the key steps for the development of brain-computer interface (BCI), which is quite challenging due to the considerably low signal-to-noise ratio of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Yu Zhang , Tao Zhou , Wei Wu , Hua Xie , Hongru Zhu , Guoxu Zhou , Andrzej Cichocki

Cognitive load, the amount of mental effort required for task completion, plays an important role in performance and decision-making outcomes, making its classification and analysis essential in various sensitive domains. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Dustin Pulver , Prithila Angkan , Paul Hungler , Ali Etemad

Self-initiated attention shifts play a critical role in voluntary behavior but are difficult to study due to the absence of explicit temporal markers. While previous studies have examined their neural correlates, it remains unclear how…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Yuwen Zeng , Dengzhe Hou , Zhang Zhang , Sai Sun , Yongsong Huang , Chia-huei Tseng , Satoshi Shioiri

Different categories of visual stimuli activate different responses in the human brain. These signals can be captured with EEG for utilization in applications such as Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). However, accurate classification of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Subhranil Bagchi , Deepti R. Bathula

Accurately monitoring cognitive load in real time is critical for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) that adapt to user engagement and support personalized learning. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive, cost-effective modality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Deeksha M. Shama , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Ivan J. Tashev

Brain computer interface (BCI) research, as well as increasing portions of the field of neuroscience, have found success deploying large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) pre-training methods in conjunction with vast public repositories of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-03 Mattson Ogg , Rahul Hingorani , Diego Luna , Griffin W. Milsap , William G. Coon , Clara A. Scholl

In Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI), due to inter-subject non-stationarities of electroencephalogram (EEG), classifiers are trained and tested using EEG from the same subject. When physical disabilities bottleneck the natural modality of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-09 Monalisa Pal , Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay , Saugat Bhattacharyya

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) have become very popular with Electroencephalography (EEG) being one of the most commonly used signal acquisition techniques. A major challenge in BCI studies is the individualistic analysis required for each…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-28 Baani Leen Kaur Jolly , Palash Aggrawal , Surabhi S Nath , Viresh Gupta , Manraj Singh Grover , Rajiv Ratn Shah

The detection of emotions using an Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a crucial area in brain-computer interfaces and has valuable applications in fields such as rehabilitation and medicine. In this study, we employed transfer learning to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-09 Sidharth Sidharth , Ashish Abraham Samuel , Ranjana H , Jerrin Thomas Panachakel , Sana Parveen K

Electroencephalogram-based brain-computer interface (BCI) has potential applications in various fields, but their development is hindered by limited data and significant cross-individual variability. Inspired by the principles of learning…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Junyan Li , Bin Hu , Zhi-Hong Guan

One of the main challenges in electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems is learning the subject/session invariant features to classify cognitive activities within an end-to-end discriminative setting. We…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Andac Demir , Iya Khalil , Bulent Kiziltan

Electroencephalography (EEG) decoding is a challenging task due to the limited availability of labelled data. While transfer learning is a promising technique to address this challenge, it assumes that transferable data domains and task are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-07 Bruno Aristimunha , Raphael Y. de Camargo , Walter H. Lopez Pinaya , Sylvain Chevallier , Alexandre Gramfort , Cedric Rommel

The non-stationary nature of electroencephalography (EEG) signals makes an EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) a dynamic system, thus improving its performance is a challenging task. In addition, it is well-known that due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Haider Raza , Dheeraj Rathee , ShangMing Zhou , Hubert Cecotti , Girijesh Prasad

Functional connectivity of cognitive tasks allows researchers to analyse the interaction mapping occurring between different regions of the brain using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Standard practice in functional connectivity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Saugat Bhattacharyya , Mitsuhiro Hayashibe

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) often suffer from limited robustness and poor long-term adaptability. Model performance rapidly degrades when user attention fluctuates, brain states shift over time, or irregular artifacts appear during…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Yeon-Woo Choi , Hye-Bin Shin , Dan Li

Brain computer interface is the current area of research to provide assistance to disabled persons. To cope up with the growing needs of BCI applications, this paper presents an automated classification scheme for handgrip actions on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-13 Anju Mishra , Shanu Sharma , Sanjay Kumar , Priya Ranjan , Amit Ujlayan

Untapped potential for new forms of human-to-human communication can be found in the active research field of studies on the decoding of brain signals of human speech. A brain-computer interface system can be implemented using…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Soowon Kim , Ji-Won Lee , Young-Eun Lee , Seo-Hyun Lee

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique for recording brain electrical activity, widely used in brain-computer interface (BCI) and healthcare. Recent EEG foundation models trained on large-scale datasets have shown improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yi Ding , Muyun Jiang , Weibang Jiang , Shuailei Zhang , Xinliang Zhou , Chenyu Liu , Shanglin Li , Yong Li , Cuntai Guan

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) connects the human brain to the outside world, providing a direct communication channel. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals are commonly used in BCIs to reflect cognitive patterns related to motor function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Abdullah Al Shiam , Md. Khademul Islam Molla , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Md. Abdus Samad Kamal

This paper presents a systematic literature review on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) in the context of Machine Learning. Our focus is on Electroencephalography (EEG) research, highlighting the latest trends as of 2023. The objective is to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Nathan Koome Murungi , Michael Vinh Pham , Xufeng Dai , Xiaodong Qu