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Parity games have witnessed several new quasi-polynomial algorithms since the breakthrough result of Calude et al. (STOC 2017). The combinatorial object underlying these approaches is a universal tree, as identified by Czerwi\'nski et al.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhuan Khye Koh , Georg Loho

An attractor decomposition meta-algorithm for solving parity games is given that generalises the classic McNaughton-Zielonka algorithm and its recent quasi-polynomial variants due to Parys (2019), and to Lehtinen, Schewe, and Wojtczak…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Marcin Jurdziński , Rémi Morvan , K. S. Thejaswini

We consider the problem of solving random parity games. We prove that parity games exibit a phase transition threshold above $d_P$, so that when the degree of the graph that defines the game has a degree $d > d_P$ then there exists a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Richard Combes , Mikael Touati

We investigate the complexity of algorithms counting ones in different sets of operations. With addition and logical operations (but no shift) $O(\log^2(n))$ steps suffice to count ones. Parity can be computed with complexity $O(\log(n))$,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-03 Holger Petersen

Calude et al. have recently shown that parity games can be solved in quasi-polynomial time, a landmark result that has led to a number of approaches with quasi-polynomial complexity. Jurdinski and Lasic have further improved the precise…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Daniele Dell'Erba , Sven Schewe

We consider the problem of finding a solution to a multivariate polynomial equation system of degree $d$ in $n$ variables over $\mathbb{F}_2$. For $d=2$, the best-known algorithm for the problem is by Bardet et al. [J. Complexity, 2013] and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Itai Dinur

The quest for a polynomial time algorithm for solving parity games gained momentum in 2017 when two different quasipolynomial time algorithms were constructed. In this paper, we further analyse the second algorithm due to Jurdzi\'nski and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Nathanaël Fijalkow

Partial methods play an important role in formal methods and beyond. Recently such methods were developed for parity games, where polynomial-time partial solvers decide the winners of a subset of nodes. We investigate here how effective…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-09-15 Patrick Ah-Fat , Michael Huth

We study the computational complexity of solving mean payoff games. This class of games can be seen as an extension of parity games, and they have similar complexity status: in both cases solving them is in $\textbf{NP} \cap \textbf{coNP}$…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Paweł Gawrychowski , Pierre Ohlmann

Several distinct techniques have been proposed to design quasi-polynomial algorithms for solving parity games since the breakthrough result of Calude, Jain, Khoussainov, Li, and Stephan (2017): play summaries, progress measures and register…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Wojciech Czerwiński , Laure Daviaud , Nathanaël Fijalkow , Marcin Jurdziński , Ranko Lazić , Paweł Parys

So-called separation automata are in the core of several recently invented quasi-polynomial time algorithms for parity games. An explicit $q$-state separation automaton implies an algorithm for parity games with running time polynomial in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Alexander Kozachinskiy , Mikhail Vyalyi

For some time the discrete strategy improvement algorithm due to Jurdzinski and Voge had been considered as a candidate for solving parity games in polynomial time. However, it has recently been proved by Oliver Friedmann that the strategy…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-10-10 Felix Canavoi , Erich Grädel , Roman Rabinovich

This paper depicts algorithms for solving the decision Boolean Satisfiability Problem. An extreme problem is formulated to analyze the complexity of algorithms and the complexity for solving it. A novel and easy reformulation as a lottery…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-04-15 Carlos Barrón-Romero

Parity games are two player games with omega-winning conditions, played on finite graphs. Such games play an important role in verification, satisfiability and synthesis. It is therefore important to identify algorithms that can efficiently…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Lisette Sanchez , Wieger Wesselink , Tim A. C. Willemse

This paper provides a polynomial-time algorithm for solving parity games that runs in $\mathcal{O}(n^{2}\cdot(n + m))$ time-ending a search that has taken decades. Unlike previous attractor-based algorithms, the presented algorithm only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Rick van der Heijden

2.5 player parity games combine the challenges posed by 2.5 player reachability games and the qualitative analysis of parity games. These two types of problems are best approached with different types of algorithms: strategy improvement…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-07-07 Ernst Moritz Hahn , Sven Schewe , Andrea Turrini , Lijun Zhang

Consider the model where we can access a parity function through random uniform labeled examples in the presence of random classification noise. In this paper, we show that approximating the number of relevant variables in the parity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Nader H. Bshouty , George Haddad

We present a bounded probability algorithm for the computation of the Chow forms of the equidimensional components of an algebraic variety. Its complexity is polynomial in the length and in the geometric degree of the input equation system…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Gabriela Jeronimo , Teresa Krick , Juan Sabia , Martin Sombra

An improved translation from alternating parity automata on infinite words to alternating weak automata is given. The blow-up of the number of states is related to the size of the smallest universal ordered trees and hence it is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Laure Daviaud , Marcin Jurdziński , Karoliina Lehtinen

Parity games have important practical applications in formal verification and synthesis, especially to solve the model-checking problem of the modal mu-calculus. They are also interesting from the theory perspective, as they are widely…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Tom van Dijk