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Zipf's law predicts a power-law relationship between word rank and frequency in language communication systems, and is widely reported in texts yet remains enigmatic as to its origins. Computer simulations have shown that language…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-04 Bohdan B. Khomtchouk , Claes Wahlestedt

Zipf's law is a paradigm describing the importance of different elements in communication systems, especially in linguistics. Despite the complexity of the hierarchical structure of language, music has in some sense an even more complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-20 Marc Serra-Peralta , Joan Serrà , Álvaro Corral

In this note, we study convergence rates in the law of large numbers for independent and identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectations. We obtain a strong $L^p$-convergence version and a strongly quasi sure…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Ze-Chun Hu , Ning-Hua Liu , Ting Ma

The performance of ``typical set (pairs) decoding'' for ensembles of Gallager's linear code is investigated using statistical physics. In this decoding, error happens when the information transmission is corrupted by an untypical noise or…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-07 Yoshiyuki Kabashima , Kazutaka Nakamura , Jort van Mourik

A mapping of nonextensive statistical mechanics into Gibbs' statistical mechanics exists, which leads to a generalization of Einstein's formula for fluctuations. A unified treatment of stability of relaxed states in nonextensive statistical…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-01-30 Andrea Di Vita

The task of text segmentation may be undertaken at many levels in text analysis---paragraphs, sentences, words, or even letters. Here, we focus on a relatively fine scale of segmentation, hypothesizing it to be in accord with a stochastic…

Random matrix theory allows for the deduction of stability criteria for complex systems using only a summary knowledge of the statistics of the interactions between components. As such, results like the well-known elliptical law are…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-11-06 Lyle Poley , Tobias Galla , Joseph W. Baron

Many man-made and natural phenomena, including the intensity of earthquakes, population of cities and size of international wars, are believed to follow power-law distributions. The accurate identification of power-law patterns has…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-04-15 Yogesh Virkar , Aaron Clauset

Correlations and other collective phenomena in a schematic model of heterogeneous binary agents (individual spin-glass samples) are considered on the complete graph and also on 2d and 3d regular lattices. The system's stochastic dynamics is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-02-25 Imre Kondor , István Csabai , Gábor Papp , Enys Mones , Gábor Czimbalmos , Máté Csaba Sándor

In prefix coding over an infinite alphabet, methods that consider specific distributions generally consider those that decline more quickly than a power law (e.g., Golomb coding). Particular power-law distributions, however, model many…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-06 Michael B. Baer

This article investigates scaling laws within language families using data from over six thousand languages and analyzing emergent patterns observed in Zipf-like classification graphs. Both macroscopic (based on number of languages by…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-02 Maelyson R. F. Santos , Marcelo A. F. Gomes

Why does Zipf's law give a good description of data from seemingly completely unrelated phenomena? Here it is argued that the reason is that they can all be described as outcomes of a ubiquitous random group division: the elements can be…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-19 Seung Ki Baek , Sebastian Bernhardsson , Petter Minnhagen

Although Zipf's law is widespread in natural and social data, one often encounters situations where one or both ends of the ranked data deviate from the power-law function. Previously we proposed the Beta rank function to improve the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-05-03 Oscar Fontanelli , Pedro Miramontes , Yaning Yang , Germinal Cocho , Wentian Li

We compute the asymptotic temporal behavior of the dynamical complexity associated with the maximum probability trajectories on Gaussian statistical manifolds in presence of correlations between the variables labeling the macrostates of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Carlo Cafaro , Stefano Mancini

Assessing the stability of a multiple testing procedure under dependence is important but very challenging. Even for multiple testing which among a set of Normal random variables have mean zero, which we refer to as the "Normal means…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-06 Xiongzhi Chen , Rebecca W. Doerge

In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective method to deal with the violation of the Closed-World Assumption for a classifier. Previous works tend to apply a threshold either on the classification scores or the loss function to reject…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Saeed Bakhshi Germi , Esa Rahtu , Heikki Huttunen

Consistently checking the statistical significance of experimental results is the first mandatory step towards reproducible science. This paper presents a hitchhiker's guide to rigorous comparisons of reinforcement learning algorithms.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-30 Cédric Colas , Olivier Sigaud , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

We study the properties of several likelihood-based statistics commonly used in testing for the presence of a known signal under a mixture model with known background, but unknown signal fraction. Under the null hypothesis of no signal, all…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-12-26 Igor Volobouev , A. Alexandre Trindade

We propose a general, modular method for significance testing of groups (or clusters) of variables in a high-dimensional linear model. In presence of high correlations among the covariables, due to serious problems of identifiability, it is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Jacopo Mandozzi , Peter Bühlmann

Scaling properties of language are a useful tool for understanding generative processes in texts. We investigate the scaling relations in citywise Twitter corpora coming from the Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas of the United…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-03-12 Eszter Bokányi , Dániel Kondor , Gábor Vattay