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One of the greatest uncertainties in heavy-ion collisions is the description of the initial state. Different models predict a wide range of initial energy density distributions based on their underlying assumptions. Final flow harmonics are…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-07-28 Patrick Carzon , Matthew D. Sievert , Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler

We study the properties of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma with a multistage model of heavy ion collisions that combines the T$_\mathrm{R}$ENTo initial condition ansatz, free-streaming, viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, and a…

The fluid-dynamical modeling of a nuclear collision at high energy usually starts shortly after the collision. A major source of uncertainty comes from the detailed modeling of the initial state. While the collision itself likely involves…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-04-16 Andreas Kirchner , Federica Capellino , Eduardo Grossi , Stefan Floerchinger

It is frequently supposed that quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions undergoes free streaming at early times. We examine this issue based on the assumption that a universal attractor dominates the dynamics already at the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-10-27 Jakub Jankowski , Syo Kamata , Mauricio Martinez , Michał Spaliński

We show that in proton-lead (p+Pb) collisions at the LHC, the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) and hydrodynamics lead to qualitatively different behavior of the average transverse momentum, <p_T>, with the particles rapidity. In hydrodynamics,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-17 Piotr Bozek , Adam Bzdak , Vladimir Skokov

We present results from a hybrid description of Cu+Cu collisions using 3+1 dimensional hydrodynamics (MUSIC) for the bulk evolution and a Monte-Carlo simulation (MARTINI) for the evolution of high momentum partons in the hydrodynamical…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-05 Bjoern Schenke , Sangyong Jeon , Charles Gale

Using the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, we investigate azimuthal correlations in p--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=5.02$ TeV. Comparison with the experimental data shows that UrQMD can not reproduce…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-25 You Zhou , Xiangrong Zhu , Pengfei Li , Huichao Song

Quantum fluctuations plays an essential role in forming the collective flow of hadrons observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Event-by-event fluctuations of the collective flow can arise from various sources, such as the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-07-09 Xinrong Chen , Xiang-Yu Wu , Shanshan Cao , Guang-You Qin

As one of the possible signals for the whereabouts of the critical point on the QCD phase diagram, recently, the multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions have aroused much attention. It is a crucial observable of the Beam Energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-24 Hong-Hao Ma , Kai Lin , Wei-Liang Qian , Bin Wang

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been extensively applied to high energy heavy-ion collisions. We review hydrodynamic calculations for Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies and provide a comprehensive comparison between the model and experimental…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter F. Kolb , Ulrich Heinz

The charged particle multiplicity in hadronic three-jet events from Z decays is investigated. The topology dependence of the event multiplicity is found to be well described by a modified leading logarithmic prediction. A parameter fit of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-11-26 The DELPHI Collaboration , J. Abdallah

Complete evolution of the strongly interacting matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied within a coupled Boltzmann and relativistic viscous hydrodynamics approach. For the initial nonequilibrium evolution phase, we…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-07-14 Rajeev S. Bhalerao , Amaresh Jaiswal , Subrata Pal

We provide quantitative predictions for the rapidity, centrality and energy dependencies of inclusive charged-hadron productions for the forthcoming LHC measurements in nucleus-nucleus collisions based on the idea of gluon saturation in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-09-02 Eugene Levin , Amir H. Rezaeian

We introduce a method to reconstruct full rapidity distributions of charged particle multiplicity and net proton yields, crucial for constraining the longitudinal dynamics of nuclear matter created in the beam energy scan program. Employing…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-07-09 Lipei Du

In this thesis the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) framework, which describes quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at high energy, is applied to various scattering processes. Higher order corrections to the CGC evolution equations, known as the BK and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 Heikki Mäntysaari

In order to investigate the importance of pre-equilibrium dynamics on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables, we match a highly non-equilibrium early evolution stage, modeled by free-streaming partons generated from the Monte Carlo…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-04-10 Jia Liu , Chun Shen , Ulrich W. Heinz

We give a short review of hydrodynamic models at heavy ion collisions from the point of view of initial conditions, an equation of states (EoS) and freezeout process. Then we show our latest results of a combined fully three-dimensional…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Chiho Nonaka

We solve second order relativistic hydrodynamics equations for a boost-invariant 1+1-dimensional expanding fluid with an equation of state taken from lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-03-19 Krishna Rajagopal , Nilesh Tripuraneni

Experimental measurements in collisions of small systems from p+p to p/d/3He+A at RHIC and the LHC reveal particle emission patterns that are strikingly similar to those observed in A+A collisions. One explanation of these patterns is the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-06-05 J. L. Nagle , W. A. Zajc

To study the microscopic structure of quark-gluon plasma, data from hadronic collisions must be confronted with models that go beyond fluid dynamics. Here, we study a simple kinetic theory model that encompasses fluid dynamics but contains…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-01-08 Aleksi Kurkela , Urs Achim Wiedemann , Bin Wu
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