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Quantum state tomography is the standard technique for reconstructing a quantum state from experimental data. In the regime of finite statistics, experimental data cannot give perfect information about the quantum state. A common way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-03 Carlos de Gois , Matthias Kleinmann

A prime goal of quantum tomography is to provide quantitatively rigorous characterisation of quantum systems, be they states, processes or measurements, particularly for the purposes of trouble-shooting and benchmarking experiments in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Nathan K. Langford

Quantum device characterization via state tomography plays an important role in both validating quantum hardware and processing quantum information, but it needs the exponential number of the measurements. For the systems with XX+YY-type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-18 Tao Xin

The accurate and reliable description of measurement devices is a central problem in both observing uniquely non-classical behaviors and realizing quantum technologies from powerful computing to precision metrology. To date quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-30 Aonan Zhang , Jie Xie , Huichao Xu , Kaimin Zheng , Han Zhang , Yiu-Tung Poon , Vlatko Vedral , Lijian Zhang

We present a novel quantum tomographic reconstruction method based on Bayesian inference via the Kalman filter update equations. The method not only yields the maximum likelihood/optimal Bayesian reconstruction, but also a covariance matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-13 Koenraad M. R. Audenaert , S. Scheel

Quantum state tomography is a fundamental tool in quantum information processing. It allows us to estimate the state of a quantum system by measuring different observables on many identically prepared copies of the system. This is, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-28 Carlos A. Riofrío

An important step in building a quantum computer is calibrating experimentally implemented quantum gates to produce operations that are close to ideal unitaries. The calibration step involves estimating the systematic errors in gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Shelby Kimmel , Guang Hao Low , Theodore J. Yoder

Quantum State Tomography is the task of inferring the state of a quantum system from measurement data. A reliable tomography scheme should not only report an estimate for that state, but also well-justified error bars. These may be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-22 Jinzhao Wang , Volkher B. Scholz , Renato Renner

Quantum state tomography (QST) aims at estimating a quantum state from averaged quantum measurements made on copies of the state. Most quantum algorithms rely on QST at some point and it is a well explored topic in the literature, mostly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 François Verdeil , Yannick Deville

Integrated quantum photonic circuits are becoming increasingly complex. Accurate calibration of device parameters and detailed characterization of the prepared quantum states are critically important for future progress. Here we report on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-17 H. W. Li , J. Wabnig , D. Bitauld , P. Shadbolt , A. Politi , A. Laing , J. L. O'Brien , A. O. Niskanen

Quantum detector tomography is a fundamental technique for calibrating quantum devices and performing quantum engineering tasks. In this paper, we design optimal probe states for detector estimation based on the minimum upper bound of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-13 Shuixin Xiao , Yuanlong Wang , Daoyi Dong , Jun Zhang

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…

The goal of self-testing is to characterize an a priori unknown quantum system based solely on measurement statistics, i.e. using an uncharacterized measurement device. Here we develop self-testing methods for quantum prepare-and-measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-10 Armin Tavakoli , Jędrzej Kaniewski , Tamás Vértesi , Denis Rosset , Nicolas Brunner

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

In the absence of experimental constraints, optimal measurement schemes for quantum state tomography are well understood. We consider the scenario where the experimenter doesn't have arbitrary freedom to construct their measurement set, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-22 Mohammadreza Mohammadi , Agata M. Branczyk

Characterizing the physical channel and calibrating the cryptosystem hardware are prerequisites for establishing a quantum channel for quantum key distribution (QKD). Moreover, an inappropriately implemented calibration routine can open a…

Construction of a fault-tolerant quantum computer remains a challenging problem due to unavoidable noise in quantum states and the fragility of quantum entanglement. However, most of the error-correcting codes increases the complexity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-28 Kumar Nilesh , Piyush Joshi , Prasanta Panigrahi

We propose a quantum tomography scheme for pure qudit systems which adopts random base measurements and generative learning methods, along with a built-in fidelity estimation approach to assess the reliability of the tomographic states. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Jun Wang , Zhao-Yu Han , Song-Bo Wang , Zeyang Li , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan , Lei Wang

Quantum bits, or qubits, are the fundamental building blocks of present quantum computers. Hence, it is important to be able to characterize the state of a qubit as accurately as possible. By evaluating the qubit characterization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Bacui Li , Lorcan O. Conlon , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

We present a framework that formulates the quest for the most efficient quantum state tomography scheme as an optimization problem which can be solved numerically. This approach can be applied to a broad spectrum of relevant setups…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-17 Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling , Guido Burkard , Niklas Rohling