Related papers: Thermal torque effects on the migration of growing…
Gravitational torques between a planet and gas in the protoplanetary disk result in orbital migration of the planet, and are likely to play an important role in the formation and early evolution of planetary systems. For masses comparable…
Low-mass planets that are in the process of growing larger within protoplanetary disks exchange torques with the disk and change their semi-major axis accordingly. This process is called type I migration and is strongly dependent on the…
We calculate rates of Type I migration of protoplanets in a non-isothermal three-dimensional protoplanetary disk, building upon planet-disk models developed in previous work. We find that including the vertical thickness of the disk results…
Low-mass planets are known to undergo Type I migration and this process must have played a key role during the evolution of planetary systems. Analytical formulae for the disc torque have been derived assuming that the planet evolves on a…
Planets in their formative years can migrate due to the influence of gravitational torques in the protoplanetary disk they inhabit. For low-mass planets in an isothermal disk, it is known that there is a strong negative torque on the planet…
A key process in planet formation is the exchange of angular momentum between a growing planet and the protoplanetary disc, which makes the planet migrate through the disc. Several works show that in general low-mass and intermediate-mass…
Aims: We investigate the effect of including a proper energy balance on the interaction of a low-mass planet with a protoplanetary disk. Methods: We use a three-dimensional version of the RODEO method to perform hydrodynamical simulations…
We study the interaction of a low-mass planet with a protoplanetary disk with a realistic treatment of the energy balance by doing radiation-hydrodynamical simulations. We look at accretion and migration rates and compare them to isothermal…
As planets form they tidally interact with their natal disks. Though the tidal perturbation induced by Earth and super-Earth mass planets is generally too weak to significantly modify the structure of the disk, the interaction is…
Low-mass objects embedded in isothermal protoplanetary discs are known to suffer rapid inward Type I migration. In non-isothermal discs, recent work has shown that a decreasing radial profile of the disc entropy can lead to a strong…
Previous models of the combined growth and migration of protoplanets needed large ad hoc reduction factors for the type I migration rate as found in the isothermal approximation. In order to eliminate these factors, a simple semi-analytical…
Magnetically-driven disk winds would alter the surface density slope of gas in the inner region of a protoplanetary disk $(r \lesssim 1 {\rm au})$. This in turn affects planet formation. Recently, the effect of disk wind torque has been…
Planets migrate due to the recoil they experience from scattering solid (planetesimal) bodies. To first order, the torques exerted by the interior and exterior disks cancel, analogous to the cancellation of the torques from the…
Planetary embryos embedded in a gas disc suffer a decay in semimajor axis -- type I migration -- due to the asymmetric torques produced by the interior and exterior wakes raised by the body (Goldreich & Tremaine 1980; Ward 1986). This…
Context. The origin of giant planets at moderate separations $\simeq$$1$$-$$10$ au is still not fully understood because numerical studies of Type II migration in protoplanetary disks often predict a decay of the semi-major axis that is too…
Young planets interact with their parent gas disks through tidal torques. An imbalance between inner and outer torques causes bodies of mass $\ga 0.1$ Earth masses to lose angular momentum and migrate inward rapidly relative to the disk;…
We study torques on migrating low-mass planets in locally isothermal discs. Previous work on low-mass planets generally kept the planet on a fixed orbit, after which the torque on the planet was measured. In addition to these static…
The torques exerted by a locally isothermal disk on an embedded planet lead to rapid inward migration. Recent work has shown that modeling the thermodynamics without the assumption of local isothermality reveals regions where the net torque…
This paper presents a generalized treatment of Type I planetary migration in the presence of stochastic perturbations. In many planet-forming disks, the Type I migration mechanism, driven by asymmetric torques, acts on a short time scale…
The migration of planets plays an important role in the early planet-formation process. An important problem has been that standard migration theories predict very rapid inward migration, which poses problems for population synthesis…