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Measuring the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems requires manually transcribed data in order to compute the word error rate (WER), which is often time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, we continue our effort in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Ahmed Ali , Steve Renals

Word Error Rate (WER) is the primary metric used to assess automatic speech recognition (ASR) model quality. It has been shown that ASR models tend to have much higher WER on speakers with speech impairments than typical English speakers.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-23 Jimmy Tobin , Qisheng Li , Subhashini Venugopalan , Katie Seaver , Richard Cave , Katrin Tomanek

MeetEval is an open-source toolkit to evaluate all kinds of meeting transcription systems. It provides a unified interface for the computation of commonly used Word Error Rates (WERs), specifically cpWER, ORC-WER and MIMO-WER along other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Thilo von Neumann , Christoph Boeddeker , Marc Delcroix , Reinhold Haeb-Umbach

We study the problem of evaluating automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems that target dialectal speech input. A major challenge in this case is that the orthography of dialects is typically not standardized. From an ASR evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Ahmed Ali , Preslav Nakov , Peter Bell , Steve Renals

Word error rate (WER) as a metric has a variety of limitations that have plagued the field of speech recognition. Evaluation datasets suffer from varying style, formality, and inherent ambiguity of the transcription task. In this work, we…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) transcription errors are commonly assessed using metrics that compare them with a reference transcription, such as Word Error Rate (WER), which measures spelling deviations from the reference, or semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Antoine Tholly , Jane Wottawa , Mickael Rouvier , Richard Dufour

The pursuit of a "unified" discrete token for both speech understanding and generation has led the Speech Language Model (SLM) community to heavily rely on Word Error Rate (WER) -- the core metric for Whisper-style tokenizers -- as the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Xiangyu Zhang , Yuxin Li , Haoyang Zhang , Shiqi Han , Hexin Liu , Qiquan Zhang , Beena Ahmed , Julien Epps

Modern speech synthesis systems have improved significantly, with synthetic speech being indistinguishable from real speech. However, efficient and holistic evaluation of synthetic speech still remains a significant challenge. Human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Dareen Alharthi , Roshan Sharma , Hira Dhamyal , Soumi Maiti , Bhiksha Raj , Rita Singh

State-level minimum Bayes risk (sMBR) training has become the de facto standard for sequence-level training of speech recognition acoustic models. It has an elegant formulation using the expectation semiring, and gives large improvements in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Matt Shannon

Word Error Rate (WER) has been the predominant metric used to evaluate the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. However, WER is sometimes not a good indicator for downstream Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Suyoun Kim , Abhinav Arora , Duc Le , Ching-Feng Yeh , Christian Fuegen , Ozlem Kalinli , Michael L. Seltzer

Word error rate (WER) and character error rate (CER) are standard metrics in Speech Recognition (ASR), but one problem has always been alternative spellings: If one's system transcribes adviser whereas the ground truth has advisor, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shigeki Karita , Richard Sproat , Haruko Ishikawa

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is traditionally evaluated using Word Error Rate (WER), a metric that is insensitive to meaning. Embedding-based semantic metrics are better correlated with human perception, but decoder-based Large…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) plays a crucial role in human-machine interaction and serves as an interface for a wide range of applications. Traditionally, ASR performance has been evaluated using Word Error Rate (WER), a metric that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 Sujith Pulikodan , Sahapthan K , Prasanta Kumar Ghosh , Visruth Sanka , Nihar Desai

We propose a novel scheme to use the Levenshtein Transformer to perform the task of word-level quality estimation. A Levenshtein Transformer is a natural fit for this task: trained to perform decoding in an iterative manner, a Levenshtein…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Shuoyang Ding , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Matt Post , Philipp Koehn

Evaluating ASR systems for Indian languages is challenging due to spelling variations, suffix splitting flexibility, and non-standard spellings in code-mixed words. Traditional Word Error Rate (WER) often presents a bleaker picture of…

While Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is typically benchmarked by word error rate (WER), real-world applications ultimately hinge on semantic fidelity. This mismatch is particularly problematic for dysarthric speech, where articulatory…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Xiuwen Zheng , Sixun Dong , Bornali Phukon , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Chang D. Yoo

End-to-end models have achieved state-of-the-art results on several automatic speech recognition tasks. However, they perform poorly when evaluated on long-form data, e.g., minutes long conversational telephony audio. One reason the model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-05 Zhiyun Lu , Yanwei Pan , Thibault Doutre , Parisa Haghani , Liangliang Cao , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Chao Zhang , Trevor Strohman

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are commonly evaluated using aggregate metrics such as Word Error Rate (WER), which do not capture the linguistic structure of errors. Fine-grained analysis, such as Part-of-Speech (PoS)-wise error…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Prasenjit K Mudi , Dahlia Devapriya , Sheetal Kalyani

We present an approach to reduce the performance disparity between geographic regions without degrading performance on the overall user population for ASR. A popular approach is to fine-tune the model with data from regions where the ASR…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Viet Anh Trinh , Pegah Ghahremani , Brian King , Jasha Droppo , Andreas Stolcke , Roland Maas

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems exhibit the best performance on speech that is similar to that on which it was trained. As such, underrepresented varieties including regional dialects, minority-speakers, and low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Emma O'Neill , Julie Carson-Berndsen