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Finding counterevidence to statements is key to many tasks, including counterargument generation. We build a system that, given a statement, retrieves counterevidence from diverse sources on the Web. At the core of this system is a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Yohan Jo , Haneul Yoo , JinYeong Bak , Alice Oh , Chris Reed , Eduard Hovy

Creating challenging tabular inference data is essential for learning complex reasoning. Prior work has mostly relied on two data generation strategies. The first is human annotation, which yields linguistically diverse data but is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Aashna Jena , Vivek Gupta , Manish Shrivastava , Julian Martin Eisenschlos

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are broadly empowering various fields. Despite their advancements, the explainability of MLLMs remains less explored, hindering deeper understanding, model credibility, and effective visualization.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yi Li , Hualiang Wang , Xinpeng Ding , Haonan Wang , Xiaomeng Li

The task of abductive natural language inference (\alpha{}nli), to decide which hypothesis is the more likely explanation for a set of observations, is a particularly difficult type of NLI. Instead of just determining a causal relationship,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Emīls Kadiķis , Vaibhav Srivastav , Roman Klinger

Building explainable systems is a critical problem in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), since most machine learning models provide no explanations for the predictions. Existing approaches for explainable machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Hui Liu , Qingyu Yin , William Yang Wang

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a central task in natural language understanding with applications in fact-checking, question answering, and information retrieval. Despite its importance, current NLI systems heavily rely on supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Pablo Miralles-González , Javier Huertas-Tato , Alejandro Martín , David Camacho

Many recent studies have shown that for models trained on datasets for natural language inference (NLI), it is possible to make correct predictions by merely looking at the hypothesis while completely ignoring the premise. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Tianyu Liu , Xin Zheng , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui

Large Language Models (LLMs) are claimed to be capable of Natural Language Inference (NLI), necessary for applied tasks like question answering and summarization. We present a series of behavioral studies on several LLM families (LLaMA,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Nick McKenna , Tianyi Li , Liang Cheng , Mohammad Javad Hosseini , Mark Johnson , Mark Steedman

While discriminative neural network classifiers are generally preferred, recent work has shown advantages of generative classifiers in term of data efficiency and robustness. In this paper, we focus on natural language inference (NLI). We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Xiaoan Ding , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui , Kevin Gimpel

There is a small but growing body of research on statistical scripts, models of event sequences that allow probabilistic inference of implicit events from documents. These systems operate on structured verb-argument events produced by an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Karl Pichotta , Raymond J. Mooney

Nature language inference (NLI) task is a predictive task of determining the inference relationship of a pair of natural language sentences. With the increasing popularity of NLI, many state-of-the-art predictive models have been proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Haohan Wang , Da Sun , Eric P. Xing

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Natural language inference (NLI) requires models to learn and apply commonsense knowledge. These reasoning abilities are particularly important for explainable NLI systems that generate a natural language explanation in addition to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Hendrik Schuff , Hsiu-Yu Yang , Heike Adel , Ngoc Thang Vu

Tokenization is a foundational step in the text process of Large Language Models (LLMs). Texts must be first tokenized into token IDs, which are then input to LLMs. Inefficient tokenization results in long token-ID sequences and will slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chong Li , Yingzhuo Deng , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Machine learning models can reach high performance on benchmark natural language processing (NLP) datasets but fail in more challenging settings. We study this issue when a pre-trained model learns dataset artifacts in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Zhenyuan Lu

Generative large language models (LLMs) excel in natural language processing tasks, yet their inner workings remain underexplored beyond token-level predictions. This study investigates the degree to which these models decide the content of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Nicholas Pochinkov , Angelo Benoit , Lovkush Agarwal , Zainab Ali Majid , Lucile Ter-Minassian

We propose a zero-shot method for Natural Language Inference (NLI) that leverages multimodal representations by grounding language in visual contexts. Our approach generates visual representations of premises using text-to-image models and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Daniil Ignatev , Ayman Santeer , Albert Gatt , Denis Paperno

Reasoning and inference are central to human and artificial intelligence. Modeling inference in human language is very challenging. With the availability of large annotated data (Bowman et al., 2015), it has recently become feasible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Qian Chen , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhenhua Ling , Si Wei , Hui Jiang , Diana Inkpen

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is foundational for evaluating language understanding in AI. However, progress has plateaued, with models failing on ambiguous examples and exhibiting poor generalization. We argue that this stems from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Claudiu Creanga , Liviu P. Dinu

Language models are aligned to the collective voice of many, resulting in generic outputs that do not align with specific users' styles. In this work, we present Trial-Error-Explain In-Context Learning (TICL), a tuning-free method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Hyundong Cho , Karishma Sharma , Nicolaas Jedema , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Alessandro Moschitti , Ravi Krishnan , Jonathan May