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In the evolving landscape of quantum technology, the increasing prominence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of conventional public key infrastructure. Quantum key distribution (QKD), an established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Kaiwei Qiu , Jing Yan Haw , Hao Qin , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Michael Kasper , Alexander Ling

The use of quantum cryptography in everyday applications has gained attention in both industrial and academic fields. Due to advancements in quantum electronics, practical quantum devices are already available in the market, and ready for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Pankaj Kumar , Neel Kanth Kundu , Binayak Kar

Future global quantum communication networks, or quantum Internet, will realize high-rate secure communication and entanglement distribution for large-scale users over long distances. Continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Zhiyue Zuo , Masoud Ghalaii , Stefano Pirandola

Quantum network simulation is an essential step towards developing applications for quantum networks and determining minimal requirements for the network hardware. As it is with classical networking, a simulation ecosystem allows for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-13 Stephen DiAdamo , Francesco Vista

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

The promise of unconditional security in the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) depends on the availability of an authenticated classical channel. However, practical implementations often overlook this requirement or rely on computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Noureldin Mohamed , Saif Al-Kuwari

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows unconditionally secure communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics rather then assumptions about computational hardness. Optimizing the operation parameters of a given QKD implementation is…

Fast development of supercomputer and perspective quantum computer is posing increasing serious threats to communication security. Based on the laws of quantum mechanics, quantum communication offers provable security of communication, and…

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network is an infrastructure capable of performing long-distance and high-rate secret key agreement with information-theoretic security. In this paper we study security properties of QKD networks based on…

Quantum resistance is vital for emerging cryptographic systems as quantum technologies continue to advance towards large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers. Resistance may be offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), which provides…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides secure keys resistant to code-breaking quantum computers. As headed towards commercial application, it is crucial to guarantee the practical security of QKD systems. However, the difficulty of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-14 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a key application in quantum communication, enabling secure key exchange between parties using quantum states. Twin-field (TF) QKD offers a promising solution that surpasses the repeaterless limits, and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-28 Chunfeng Huang , Rui Guan , Xin Liu , Wenjie He , Shizhuo Li , Hao Liang , Ziyang Luo , Zhenrong Zhang , Wei Li , Kejin Wei

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is rapidly transitioning from cutting-edge laboratory research to real-world deployment in established communication networks. Although QKD promises future-proof security, practical challenges stil exist due…

Existing microgrid communication relies on classical public key systems, which are vulnerable to attacks from quantum computers. This paper uses quantum key distribution (QKD) to solve these quantum-era microgrid challenges. Specifically,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Zefan Tang , Yanyuan Qin , Zimin Jiang , Walter O. Krawec , Peng Zhang

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is a rapidly developing quantum communication approach, where secure information is directly transmitted, providing an alternative to key-based (de)encryption processes via Quantum Key Distribution…

Key establishment is a crucial primitive for building secure channels: in a multi-party setting, it allows two parties using only public authenticated communication to establish a secret session key which can be used to encrypt messages.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-28 Michele Mosca , Douglas Stebila , Berkant Ustaoglu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key exchanges between two remote users. The ultimate goal of secure communication is to establish a global quantum network. The existing field tests suggest that quantum networks are feasible.…

Due to their compatibility to existing telecom technology, continuous variable (CV) weak coherent state protocols are promising candidates for a broad deployment of quantum key distribution (QKD) technology. We demonstrate how an existing…

In the last decades, Quantum Cryptography has become one of the most important branches of Quantum Communications with a particular projection over the future Quantum Internet. It is precisely in Quantum Cryptography where two techniques…

General Physics · Physics 2021-02-16 Mario Mastriani

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to establish secret keys. The central task in the study of QKD is to prove security in the presence of an eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Sirui Peng , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou