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We analyse Join-the-Shortest-Queue in a contemporary scaling regime known as the Non-Degenerate Slowdown regime. Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) is a classical load balancing policy for queueing systems with multiple parallel servers.…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Varun Gupta , Neil Walton

We consider a system of $N$ parallel queues with identical exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process. When a task arrives, the dispatcher always assigns it to an idle server, if there is any,…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-14 D. Mukherjee , S. C. Borst , J. S. H. van Leeuwaarden , P. A. Whiting

In this paper we propose a highly accurate approximate performance analysis of a heterogeneous server system with a processor sharing service discipline and a general job-size distribution under a generalized join the shortest queue (GJSQ)…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-20 Jori Selen , Ivo J. B. F. Adan , Stella Kapodistria

Consider a system with $K$ parallel queues in which the server for each queue processes jobs at rate $n$ and the total arrival rate to the system is $nK-\upsilon \sqrt{n}$ where $\upsilon \in (0, \infty)$ and $n$ is large. We study…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Sayan Banerjee , Amarjit Budhiraja , Benjamin Estevez

We study load balancing for a queueing system where parallel stations are distant from customers. In the presence of traveling delays, the join-the-shortest-queue (JSQ) policy induces queue length oscillations and prolongs the mean waiting…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-09 Shuangchi He , Yunfang Yang , Yao Yu

We present an overview of scalable load balancing algorithms which provide favorable delay performance in large-scale systems, and yet only require minimal implementation overhead. Aimed at a broad audience, the paper starts with an…

Performance · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Mark van der Boor , Sem C. Borst , Johan S. H. van Leeuwaarden , Debankur Mukherjee

Recent workload measurements in Google data centers provide an opportunity to challenge existing models and, more broadly, to enhance the understanding of dispatching policies in computing clusters. Through extensive data-driven…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Mert Yildiz , Alexey Rolich , Andrea Baiocchi

Nowadays, the efficiency and even the feasibility of traditional load-balancing policies are challenged by the rapid growth of cloud infrastructure and the increasing levels of server heterogeneity. In such heterogeneous systems with many…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Shay Vargaftik , Isaac Keslassy , Ariel Orda

We consider a load balancing system consisting of $n$ single-server queues working in parallel, with heterogeneous service rates. Jobs arrive to a central dispatcher, which has to dispatch them to one of the queues immediately upon arrival.…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yishun Luo , Martin Zubeldia

We consider a system of $N$ identical server pools and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process of rate $\lambda(N)$. Arriving tasks cannot be queued, and must immediately be assigned to one of the server pools to start…

The basic load balancing scenario involves a single dispatcher where tasks arrive that must immediately be forwarded to one of $N$ single-server queues. We discuss recent advances on scalable load balancing schemes which provide favorable…

We consider a system of $N$ parallel single-server queues with unit exponential service rates and a single dispatcher where tasks arrive as a Poisson process of rate $\lambda(N)$. When a task arrives, the dispatcher assigns it to a server…

This paper considers the steady-state performance of load balancing algorithms in a many-server system with distributed queues. The system has $N$ servers, and each server maintains a local queue with buffer size $b-1,$ i.e. a server can…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Xin Liu , Lei Ying

Join the shortest queue (JSQ) refers to networks whose incoming jobs are assigned to the shortest queue from among a randomly chosen subset of the queues in the system. After completion of service at the queue, a job leaves the network. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-10-11 Maury Bramson

Dispatching policies such as the join shortest queue (JSQ), join smallest work (JSW) and their power of two variants are used in load balancing systems where the instantaneous queue length or workload information at all queues or a subset…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Rooji Jinan , Ajay Badita , Tejas Bodas , Parimal Parag

In this article, we study the classical shortest queue problem under the influence of malicious attacks, which is relevant to a variety of engineering system including transportation, manufacturing, and communications. We consider a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-02 Yu Tang , Yining Wen , Li Jin

We consider a queueing system composed of a dispatcher that routes deterministically jobs to a set of non-observable queues working in parallel. In this setting, the fundamental problem is which policy should the dispatcher implement to…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-02-23 Jonatha Anselmi , Bruno Gaujal , Tommaso Nesti

Heterogeneity is becoming increasingly ubiquitous in modern large-scale computer systems. Developing good load balancing policies for systems whose resources have varying speeds is crucial in achieving low response times. Indeed, how best…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Kristen Gardner , Jazeem Abdul Jaleel , Alexander Wickeham , Sherwin Doroudi

The Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) policy is among the most widely used load balancing algorithms and has been extensively studied. However, an exact characterization of the system behavior remains challenging. Most prior research has…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Yuanzhe Ma , Siva Theja Maguluri

We consider Poisson streams of exponentially distributed jobs arriving at each edge of a hypergraph of queues. Upon arrival, an incoming job is rooted to the shortest queue among the corresponding vertices. This generalizes many known…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-11 James Cruise , Matthieu Jonckheere , Seva Shneer
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