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Recognizing human emotion/expressions automatically is quite an expected ability for intelligent robotics, as it can promote better communication and cooperation with humans. Current deep-learning-based algorithms may achieve impressive…
The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) encodes the action units (AUs) in facial images, which has attracted extensive research attention due to its wide use in facial expression analysis. Many methods that perform well on automatic facial…
Facial expressions are combinations of basic components called Action Units (AU). Recognizing AUs is key for developing general facial expression analysis. In recent years, most efforts in automatic AU recognition have been dedicated to…
The intensity estimation of facial action units (AUs) is challenging due to subtle changes in the person's facial appearance. Previous approaches mainly rely on probabilistic models or predefined rules for modeling co-occurrence…
Facial action unit (AU) detection and facial expression (FE) recognition can be jointly viewed as affective facial behavior tasks, representing fine-grained muscular activations and coarse-grained holistic affective states, respectively.…
Most existing AU detection works considering AU relationships are relying on probabilistic graphical models with manually extracted features. This paper proposes an end-to-end deep learning framework for facial AU detection with graph…
The activations of Facial Action Units (AUs) mutually influence one another. While the relationship between a pair of AUs can be complex and unique, existing approaches fail to specifically and explicitly represent such cues for each pair…
Since Facial Action Unit (AU) annotations require domain expertise, common AU datasets only contain a limited number of subjects. As a result, a crucial challenge for AU detection is addressing identity overfitting. We find that AUs and…
Facial action unit (AU) recognition is essential to facial expression analysis. Since there are highly positive or negative correlations between AUs, some existing AU recognition works have focused on modeling AU relations. However,…
Facial Action Unit (AU) detection is a crucial task in affective computing and social robotics as it helps to identify emotions expressed through facial expressions. Anatomically, there are innumerable correlations between AUs, which…
Although state-of-the-art classifiers for facial expression recognition (FER) can achieve a high level of accuracy, they lack interpretability, an important feature for end-users. Experts typically associate spatial action units (AUs) from…
This comprehensive review delves deeply into the various methodologies applied to facial expression recognition (FER) through the lens of graph representation learning (GRL). Initially, we introduce the task of FER and the concepts of graph…
Current works formulate facial action unit (AU) recognition as a supervised learning problem, requiring fully AU-labeled facial images during training. It is challenging if not impossible to provide AU annotations for large numbers of…
Facial Action Unit (AU) detection is a crucial task for emotion analysis from facial movements. The apparent differences of different subjects sometimes mislead changes brought by AUs, resulting in inaccurate results. However, most of the…
In facial action unit (AU) recognition tasks, regional feature learning and AU relation modeling are two effective aspects which are worth exploring. However, the limited representation capacity of regional features makes it difficult for…
Attention mechanism has recently attracted increasing attentions in the field of facial action unit (AU) detection. By finding the region of interest of each AU with the attention mechanism, AU-related local features can be captured. Most…
Facial action units (AUs) are essential to decode human facial expressions. Researchers have focused on training AU detectors with a variety of features and classifiers. However, several issues remain. These are spatial representation,…
Detecting action units (AUs) on human faces is challenging because various AUs make subtle facial appearance change over various regions at different scales. Current works have attempted to recognize AUs by emphasizing important regions.…
Human facial action units (AUs) are mutually related in a hierarchical manner, as not only they are associated with each other in both spatial and temporal domains but also AUs located in the same/close facial regions show stronger…
How to learn a universal facial representation that boosts all face analysis tasks? This paper takes one step toward this goal. In this paper, we study the transfer performance of pre-trained models on face analysis tasks and introduce a…