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This paper provides an overview of how and why acoustic waves are important for underwater communication when compared with radio and optical waves, underwater acoustic channel, it's characteristics and model. Also about the underwater…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Lokesh Bommisetty , Samskruthi Gaddam , Nomula Prakash Reddy , Shaik Basharath , Bharath Are

In this paper, we characterize the performance of relay-assisted underwater wireless optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) networks over turbulent channels. In addition to scattering and absorption effects of underwater channels, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-23 Mohammad Vahid Jamali , Farhad Akhoundi , Jawad A. Salehi

Sixth-generation wireless communication (6G) will be an integrated architecture of "space, air, ground and sea". One of the most difficult part of this architecture is the underwater information acquisition which need to transmitt…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-14 Hao Zhao , Fei Ji , Quansheng Guan , Qiang Li , Shuai Wang , Hefeng Dong , Miaowen Wen

Underwater acoustic (UWA) communications generally rely on cognitive radio (CR)-based ad-hoc networks due to challenges such as long propagation delay, limited channel resources, and high attenuation. To address the constraints of limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Minwoo Kim , Youngchol Choi , Yeongjun Kim , Eojin Seo , Hyun Jong Yang

This paper investigates the fair-effective communication and robustness in imperfect and energy-constrained underwater acoustic sensor networks (IC-UASNs). Specifically, we investigate the impact of unexpected node malfunctions on the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yu Gou , Tong Zhang , Jun Liu , Tingting Yang , Shanshan Song , Jun-Hong Cui

The underwater acoustic channel continues to present significant challenges to efficient throughput performance of underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) in varying scenarios. As a result, cross-layer approaches that explore joint…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Yanling Yin , Sumit Roy , Payman Arabshahi

While acoustic communications have been considered the prominent technology to communicate under water for several years, other technologies are being developed based, e.g., on optical and radio-frequency electro-magnetic waves. Each…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Roee Diamant , Paolo Casari , Filippo Campagnaro , Oleksiy Kebkal , Veronika Kebkal , Michele Zorzi

Future smart ocean applications require long distance and reliable communications to connect underwater sensors/robots with remote surface base stations. It is challenging to achieve such goal due to the harsh and dynamic underwater…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-28 Zhangyu Li , Soham Desai , Vaishnendr D Sudev , Pu Wang , Jinsong Han , Zhi Sun

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology is crucial for next-generation underwater networks. However, covering multiple users and targets and balancing sensing and communication performance in complex underwater acoustic (UWA)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wei Men , Longfei Zhao , Yong Liang Guan , Xiangwang Hou , Yong Ren , Dusit Niyato

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) supports ocean sensing and offshore monitoring but requires coordinated mobility and energy-aware communication to sustain long-term operation. This letter proposes a multi-AUV framework that jointly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Mohamed Afouene Melki , Mohammad Shehab , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Underwater wireless optical communications is an emerging solution to the expanding demand for broadband links in oceans and seas. In this paper, a cellular underwater wireless optical code division multiple-access (UW-OCDMA) network is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Farhad Akhoundi , Mohammad Vahid Jamali , Navid Banihassan , Hamzeh Beyranvand , Amir Minoofar , Jawad A. Salehi

This paper investigates optimal scheduling for a cognitive multi-hop underwater acoustic network with a primary user interference constraint. The network consists of primary and secondary users, with multi-hop transmission adopted for both…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Chen Peng , Urbashi Mitra

Internet of underwater things (IoUT) is a technological revolution that could mark a new era for scientific, industrial, and military underwater applications. To mitigate the hostile underwater channel characteristics, this paper hybridizes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Abdulkadir Celik , Nasir Saeed , Basem Shihada , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is revolutionizing marine sensing and environmental monitoring, as well as subaquatic exploration, which are enabled by interconnected and intelligent subsystems. Nevertheless, underwater…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Ruhul Amin Khalil , Asiya Jehangir , Hanane Lamaazi , Sadaf Rubab , Nasir Saeed

This paper will focus on the energy efficiency issue in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. In underwater environment, the two main issues are namely: reliability and energy efficiency. These two issues are twisted pair. Reliability…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-10-11 S. Pavan Kumar Reddy , Y. Ganesh Kumar Reddy , K. Chandra Mouli , U. Seshadri

As the dominant information carrier in water, acoustic wave is widely used for underwater detection, communication and imaging. Even though underwater acoustic communication has been greatly improved in the past decades, it still suffers…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-12-03 Zhaoyong Sun , Yu Shi , Xuecong Sun , Han Jia , Zhongkun Jin , Ke Deng , Jun Yang

As underwater human activities are increasing, the demand for underwater communication service presents a significant challenge. Existing underwater diver communication methods face hurdles due to inherent disadvantages and complex…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Tinglong Deng , Hang Tao , Xinxiang Wang , Yinyan Wang , Hanjiang Luo

Efficient localization in underwater sensor networks faces challenges due to limited bandwidth, energy constraints, and hardware complexity. Traditional systems separate sensing and communication, often resulting in inefficient resource…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Ashwani Koul , Gustaf Hendeby , Isaac Skog

This work investigates the design of Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) strategies for downlink Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA). The existence of private and common stream as well as their conditioning for Successive Interference…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Rafael Cerna Loli , Onur Dizdar , Bruno Clerckx , Petar Popovski

The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, to establish a tractable model for the underwater acoustic channel useful for network optimization in terms of convexity. Second, to propose a network coding based lower bound for transmission…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-09-02 Daniel E. Lucani , Muriel Médard , Milica Stojanovic
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