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The Pauli operators (tensor products of Pauli matrices) provide a complete basis of operators on the Hilbert space of N qubits. We prove that the set of 4^N-1 Pauli operators may be partitioned into 2^N+1 distinct subsets, each consisting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jay Lawrence , Caslav Brukner , Anton Zeilinger

The temporal evolution of a quantum system can be characterized by quantum process tomography, a complex task that consumes a number of physical resources scaling exponentially with the number of subsystems. An alternative approach to the…

In this work, we investigate the incompatibility of random quantum measurements. Most previous work has focused on characterizing the maximal amount of white noise that any fixed number of incompatible measurements with a fixed number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-29 Andreas Bluhm , Cécilia Lancien , Ion Nechita

We study the compatibility (or joint measurability) of quantum observables in a setting where the experimenter has access to multiple copies of a given quantum system, rather than performing the experiments on each individual copy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-14 Claudio Carmeli , Teiko Heinosaari , Daniel Reitzner , Jussi Schultz , Alessandro Toigo

A set of $b$ mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in $\mathbb{C}^d$ (for $d > 1$) comprises $bd$ vectors in $\mathbb{C}^d$, partitioned into $b$ orthogonal bases for $\mathbb{C}^d$ such that the pairwise angle between all vectors from distinct…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-19 Jonathan Jedwab , Lily Yen

A set of $k$ orthonormal bases of $\mathbb C^d$ is called mutually unbiased if $|\langle e,f\rangle |^2 = 1/d$ whenever $e$ and $f$ are basis vectors in distinct bases. A natural question is for which pairs $(d,k)$ there exist~$k$ mutually…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Sander Gribling , Sven Polak

Measurements in quantum theory can fail to be jointly measurable. Like entanglement, this incompatibility of measurements is necessary but not sufficient for violating Bell inequalities. The (in)compatibility relations among a set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-21 Shiv Akshar Yadavalli , Nikola Andrejic , Ravi Kunjwal

We consider pairs of quantum observables (POVMs) and analyze the relation between the notions of non-disturbance, joint measurability and commutativity. We specify conditions under which these properties coincide or differ---depending for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-09-10 Teiko Heinosaari , Michael M. Wolf

Joint measurements of qubit observables have recently been studied in conjunction with quantum information processing tasks such as cloning. Considerations of such joint measurements have until now been restricted to a certain class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-06-10 Paul Busch , Teiko Heinosaari

We investigate the relation between unextendible product bases (UPB) and Bell inequalities found recently in [R. Augusiak et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 070401 (2011)]. We first review the procedure introduced there that associates to any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-11 R. Augusiak , T. Fritz , M. Kotowski , M. Kotowski , M. Pawłowski , M. Lewenstein , A. Acín

Incompatibility of quantum measurements is of fundamental importance in quantum mechanics. It is closely related to many nonclassical phenomena such as Bell nonlocality, quantum uncertainty relations, and quantum steering. We study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Lin Zhang , Hua Xiang , Xianqing Li-Jost , Shao-Ming Fei

The problem of finding provably maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases in $\mathbb{C}^d$, for composite dimensions $d$ which are not prime powers, remains completely open. In the first interesting case, $d=6$, Zauner predicted that there…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Gary McConnell , Harry Spencer , Afaq Tahir

We present a general framework that reveals substructures of genuine multipartite entanglement. Via simple inequalities it is possible to discriminate different sets of multipartite qubit states. These inequalities are beneficial regarding…

Measurement incompatibility is one of the cornerstones of quantum theory. This phenomenon appears in many forms, of which the concept of non-joint measurability has received considerable attention in the recent years. In order to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-05 Juha-Pekka Pellonpää , Sébastien Designolle , Roope Uola

The construction of multipartite unextendible product bases (UPBs) is a basic problem in quantum information. We respectively construct two families of $2\times2\times4$ and $2\times2\times2\times4$ UPBs of size eight by using the existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Taiyu Zhang , Lin Chen

The maximum observable correlation between the two components of a bipartite quantum system is a property of the joint density operator, and is achieved by making particular measurements on the respective components. For pure states it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael J. W. Hall , Erika Andersson , Thomas Brougham

Two orthonormal bases B and B' of a d-dimensional complex inner-product space are called mutually unbiased if and only if |<b|b'>|^2=1/d holds for all b in B and b' in B'. The size of any set containing (pairwise) mutually unbiased bases of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Andreas Klappenecker , Martin Roetteler

We consider questions posed in a recent paper of Mandayam, Bandyopadhyay, Grassl and Wootters [10] on the nature of "unextendible mutually unbiased bases." We describe a conceptual framework to study these questions, using a connection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-11 Koen Thas

Efficient understanding of a quantum system fundamentally relies on the selection of observables. Pauli observables and mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) are widely used in practice and are often regarded as theoretically optimal for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Yu Wang , Hanru Jiang , Yongxiang Liu , Keren Li

Mutually unbiased bases that can be cyclically generated by a single unitary operator are of special interest, since they can be readily implemented in practice. We show that, for a system of qubits, finding such a generator can be cast as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ulrich Seyfarth , Luis L. Sanchez-Soto , Gerd Leuchs