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We propose a process for investigating the extent to which sentence representations arising from neural machine translation (NMT) systems encode distinct semantic phenomena. We use these representations as features to train a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Adam Poliak , Yonatan Belinkov , James Glass , Benjamin Van Durme

We consider multi-class classification where the predictor has a hierarchical structure that allows for a very large number of labels both at train and test time. The predictive power of such models can heavily depend on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-06 Yacine Jernite , Anna Choromanska , David Sontag

We propose a method to learn unsupervised sentence representations in a non-compositional manner based on Generative Latent Optimization. Our approach does not impose any assumptions on how words are to be combined into a sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Sidak Pal Singh , Angela Fan , Michael Auli

Autoregressive language models (LMs) generate one token at a time, yet human reasoning operates over higher-level abstractions - sentences, propositions, and concepts. This contrast raises a central question- Can LMs likewise learn to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Hyeonbin Hwang , Byeongguk Jeon , Seungone Kim , Jiyeon Kim , Hoyeon Chang , Sohee Yang , Seungpil Won , Dohaeng Lee , Youbin Ahn , Minjoon Seo

Despite the well-developed cut-edge representation learning for language, most language representation models usually focus on specific level of linguistic unit, which cause great inconvenience when being confronted with handling multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Yian Li , Hai Zhao

Combining the representations of the words that make up a sentence into a cohesive whole is difficult, since it needs to account for the order of words, and to establish how the words present relate to each other. The solution we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Diego Maupomé , Marie-Jean Meurs

Transformers have become the dominant architecture for sequence modeling tasks such as natural language processing or audio processing, and they are now even considered for tasks that are not naturally sequential such as image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jorg Bornschein , Yazhe Li , Amal Rannen-Triki

Representation learning is the foundation of natural language processing (NLP). This work presents new methods to employ visual information as assistant signals to general NLP tasks. For each sentence, we first retrieve a flexible number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zhuosheng Zhang , Kehai Chen , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama , Eiichiro Sumita , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Inspired by recent advances in multimodal learning and machine translation, we introduce an encoder-decoder pipeline that learns (a): a multimodal joint embedding space with images and text and (b): a novel language model for decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-11 Ryan Kiros , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Richard S. Zemel

We explore various methods for computing sentence representations from pre-trained word embeddings without any training, i.e., using nothing but random parameterizations. Our aim is to put sentence embeddings on more solid footing by 1)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-30 John Wieting , Douwe Kiela

Distributional word representation methods exploit word co-occurrences to build compact vector encodings of words. While these representations enjoy widespread use in modern natural language processing, it is unclear whether they accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Li Lucy , Jon Gauthier

Learning vectors that capture the meaning of concepts remains a fundamental challenge. Somewhat surprisingly, perhaps, pre-trained language models have thus far only enabled modest improvements to the quality of such concept embeddings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Na Li , Hanane Kteich , Zied Bouraoui , Steven Schockaert

The two main challenges faced by continual learning approaches are catastrophic forgetting and memory limitations on the storage of data. To cope with these challenges, we propose a novel, cognitively-inspired approach which trains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Ali Ayub , Alan R. Wagner

The recent tremendous success of unsupervised word embeddings in a multitude of applications raises the obvious question if similar methods could be derived to improve embeddings (i.e. semantic representations) of word sequences as well. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Matteo Pagliardini , Prakhar Gupta , Martin Jaggi

We present Charagram embeddings, a simple approach for learning character-based compositional models to embed textual sequences. A word or sentence is represented using a character n-gram count vector, followed by a single nonlinear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-12 John Wieting , Mohit Bansal , Kevin Gimpel , Karen Livescu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) excel on fixed datasets but struggle with incremental and shifting data in real-world scenarios. Continual learning addresses this challenge by allowing models to learn from new data while retaining previously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lu Yu , Zhe Tao , Dipam Goswami , Hantao Yao , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost Van de Weijer , Changsheng Xu

We present an introductory investigation into continuous-space vector representations of sentences. We acquire pairs of very similar sentences differing only by a small alterations (such as change of a noun, adding an adjective, noun or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Petra Barančíková , Ondřej Bojar

Probabilistic word embeddings have shown effectiveness in capturing notions of generality and entailment, but there is very little work on doing the analogous type of investigation for sentences. In this paper we define probabilistic models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Mingda Chen , Kevin Gimpel

Designing machine intelligence to converse with a human user necessarily requires an understanding of how humans participate in conversation, and thus conversation modeling is an important task in natural language processing. New…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Sean Paulsen

The mathematical representation of semantics is a key issue for Natural Language Processing (NLP). A lot of research has been devoted to finding ways of representing the semantics of individual words in vector spaces. Distributional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-11-13 Karl Moritz Hermann