Related papers: Raychaudhuri equation with zero point length
We consider a congruence of null geodesics in the presence of a quantized spacetime metric. The coupling to a quantum metric induces fluctuations in the congruence; we calculate the change in the area of a pencil of geodesics induced by…
The effects on Raychaudhuri's equation of an intrinsically-discrete or particle nature of spacetime are investigated. This is done through the consideration of null congruences emerging from, or converging to, a generic point of spacetime,…
We study the accelerated expansion of the Universe through its consequences on a congruence of geodesics. We make use of the Raychaudhuri equation which describes the evolution of the expansion rate for a congruence of timelike or null…
We consider a timelike geodesic congruence in the presence of perturbative quantum fluctuations of the spacetime metric. We calculate the change in the volume of a bundle of geodesics due to such fluctuations and thereby obtain a…
In General Relativity, gravity is universally attractive, a feature embodied by the Raychaudhuri equation which requires that the expansion of a congruence of geodesics is always non-increasing, as long as matter obeys the strong or weak…
We investigate the geodesic deviation equation in the context of quantum improved spacetimes. The improved Raychaudhuri equation is derived, and it is shown that the classical strong energy condition does not necessarily lead to the…
Given a spacetime with nonvanishing torsion, we discuss the equation for the evolution of the separation vector between infinitesimally close curves in a congruence. We show that the presence of a torsion field leads, in general, to tangent…
We introduce and develop the 1+3 covariant approach to relativity and cosmology to spacetimes of arbitrary dimensions that have nonzero torsion and do not satisfy the metricity condition. Focusing on timelike observers, we identify and…
It has been known that the propagation of sound in fluids can be used to model acoustic spacetimes. These acoustic spacetimes offer analogue models for gravity. We use the Raychaudhuri equation to study the propagation of sound in these…
In this work we address the issue of studying the conditions required to guarantee the Focusing Theorem for both null and timelike geodesic congruences by using the Raychaudhuri equation. In particular we study the case of…
In the stringy cosmology, we investigate singularities in geodesic surface congruences for the time-like and null strings to yield the Raychaudhuri type equations possessing correction terms associated with the novel features owing to the…
In General Relativity without a cosmological constant a non-positive contribution from the space-time geometry to Raychaudhuri equation is found provided that particular energy conditions are assumed and regardless the considered solution…
Raychaudhuri equation is derived by assuming geometric flow in spacetime M of n+1 dimensions. The equation turns into a harmonic oscillator form under suitable transformations.Thereby a relation between geometrical entropy and mean geodesic…
We compute quantum corrections to the Raychaudhuri equation, by replacing classical geodesics with quantal (Bohmian) trajectories, and show that they prevent focusing of geodesics, and the formation of conjugate points. We discuss…
Classical geometry can be described either in terms of a metric tensor $g_{ab}(x)$ or in terms of the geodesic distance $\sigma^2(x,x')$. Recent work, however, has shown that the geodesic distance is better suited to describe the quantum…
We argue that the well-known geodesic completeness property of pp-waves, can be disregarded once the geodesics are extracted as being extended along sets of Brinkmann coordinates. This issue is investigated in the more general context of…
We study null geodesic congruences (NGCs) in the presence of spacetime torsion, recovering and extending results in the literature. Only the highest spin irreducible component of torsion gives a proper acceleration with respect to metric…
Gravity is treated as a stochastic phenomenon based on fluctuations of the metric tensor of general relativity. By using a (3+1) slicing of spacetime, a Langevin equation for the dynamical conjugate momentum and a Fokker-Planck equation for…
In general description of the Raychaudhuri equation it is found that this first order non-linear differential equation can be written as a second order linear differential equation in the form of Harmonic Oscillator with varying frequency.…
The classical Raychaudhuri equation predicts the formation of conjugate points for a congruence of geodesics, in a finite proper time. This in conjunction with the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems predicts the incompleteness of…