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The Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft has been orbiting Mars since 2004. The operators need to constantly monitor its behavior and handle sporadic deviations (outliers) from the expected patterns of measurements of quantities that the satellite…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-05 Matej Petković , Luke Lucas , Tomaž Stepišnik , Panče Panov , Nikola Simidjievski , Dragi Kocev

One of the frontier research fields of exoplanetary science is the study of the composition and variability of exoplanetary atmospheres. This field is now moving from the gas giant planets towards the smaller and colder telluric planets,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-17 Monica Rainer , Evandro Balbi , Francesco Borsa , Paola Cianfarra , Avet Harutyunyan , Silvano Tosi

We present a map of the near subsurface hydrogen distribution on Mars, based on epithermal neutron data from the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. The map's spatial resolution is approximately improved two-fold via a new form of the pixon…

Occultation light curves of exomoons may give information on their albedo and hence indicate the presence of ice cover on the surface. Icy moons might have subsurface oceans thus these may potentially be habitable. The objective of our…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Vera Dobos , Ákos Kereszturi , András Pál , László L. Kiss

Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA) of Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) measures the \emph{in-situ} neutral upper atmospheric constituents of Mars. Martian lower atmosphere predominated by the presence of $CO_2$ which…

Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a general purpose high energy particle detector which will be deployed on the International Space Station (ISS) at the end of 2010 - beginning of 2011 to conduct a unique 10 to 18 year mission of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-09-28 A. Kounine

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft has been in orbit around Mars since March 2006. The Context Camera (CTX) on MRO has returned over 100,000 images of the planet at approximately 5-6 meters per pixel, providing nearly global…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-03 Stuart J. Robbins , Michelle R. Kirchoff , Rachael H. Hoover

The NASA Planetary Data System hosts millions of images acquired from the planet Mars. To help users quickly find images of interest, we have developed and deployed content-based classification and search capabilities for Mars orbital and…

The Allen Telescope Array was used to monitor Mars between 9 March and 2 June 2010, over a total of approximately 30 hours, for radio emission indicative of electrostatic discharge. The search was motivated by the report from Ruf et al.…

It is generally assumed by most of the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) user community that a neutrons energy is unchanged during SANS measurements. Here, the scattering from water, specifically light water, was measured on the EQ-SANS…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-04-10 Changwoo Do , William T. Heller , Christopher Stanley , Franz X. Gallmeier , Mathieu Doucet , Gregory S. Smith

The Red Planet has fascinated humans for millennia, especially for the last few centuries, and particularly during the Space Age. The nagging suspicion of extant Martian life is both fed by, and drives the many space missions to Mars and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-14 Robert Hunt

By measuring the regular oscillations of the density of CO$_{2}$ in the upper atmosphere (between 120 and 190~km), the mass spectrometer MAVEN/NGIMS (Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer) reveals the local…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-24 M. Vals , A. Spiga , F. Forget , E. Millour , L. Montabone , F. Lott

The newly published spectra of protons and helium over time directly measured in space by the AMS-02 experiment for the period 2011--2017 provide a unique opportunity to calibrate ground-based neutron monitors (NMs). Here, calibration of…

The MONOS project (Multiplicity Of Northern O-type Spectroscopic systems) aims to characterize O-type spectroscopic binaries in the northern hemisphere (dec > -20 deg) using high-resolution spectroscopy and multi-epoch photometry. This…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-24 G. Holgado , J. Maíz Apellániz , R. C. Gamen

NoMoS is a novel momentum spectrometer with which we aim to measure the spectra of the charged neutron beta decay products with high precision. The shape of the proton and electron spectra can inter alia be used for the determination of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-03 Daniel Moser , Waleed Khalid , Raluca Jiglau , Torsten Soldner Manfred Valentan , Johann Zmeskal , Gertrud Konrad

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board Mars Science Laboratory's (MSL) Curiosity rover, has been measuring ground level particle fluxes along with the radiation dose rate at the surface of Mars since August 2012. Similar to…

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a particle physics experiment designed to study origin and nature of Galactic Cosmic Rays (CRs) up to TeV energies from space. With its high sensitivity, long exposure and excellent identification…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-19 Nicola Tomassetti

The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on board Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) made $> 10^{8}$ measurements of the reflectivity of Mars at 1064 nm ($R_{1064}$) by both active sounding and passive radiometry. Past studies of $R_{1064}$…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Nicholas G. Heavens

Neutron energy spectrum measurements from a solid methane moderator were performed at the Low Energy Neutron Source (LENS) at Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) to verify our neutron scattering model of solid methane. The…