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we experimentally implement a fault-tolerant quantum key distribution protocol with two photons in a decoherence-free subspace (DFS). It is demonstrated that our protocol can yield good key rate even with large bit-flip error rate caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Q. Zhang , J. Yin , T. -Y. Chen , S. Lu , J. Zhang , X. -Q. Li , T. Yang , X. -B. Wang , J. -W. Pan

We propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that is carried out in an indefinite causal order (ICO). In QKD, one considers a setup in which two parties, Alice and Bob, share a key with one another in such a way that they can detect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Hector Spencer-Wood

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method that distributes a secret key to a sender and a receiver by the transmission of quantum particles (e.g. photons). Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is a version of QKD with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-27 Matthias Christandl , Roberto Ferrara , Karol Horodecki

Quantum secret-sharing protocols involving N partners (NQSS) are key distribution protocols in which Alice encodes her key into $N-1$ qubits, in such a way that all the other partners must cooperate in order to retrieve the key. On these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Valerio Scarani , Nicolas Gisin

Practical implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) have been shown to be subject to various detector side-channel attacks that compromise the promised unconditional security. Most notable is a general class of attacks adopting the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-05 Salem F. Hegazy , Salah S. A. Obayya , Bahaa E. A. Saleh

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with threshold detectors are driving high-performance QKD demonstrations. The corresponding security proofs usually assume that all physical detectors have the same detection efficiency. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Yanbao Zhang , Patrick J. Coles , Adam Winick , Jie Lin , Norbert Lutkenhaus

We present a quantum key distribution experiment in which keys that were secure against all individual eavesdropping attacks allowed by quantum mechanics were distributed over 100 km of optical fiber. We implemented the differential phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Eleni Diamanti , Hiroki Takesue , Carsten Langrock , M. M. Fejer , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

Quantum key distribution (QKD) systems can send signals over more than 100 km standard optical fiber and are widely believed to be secure. Here, we show experimentally for the first time a technologically feasible attack, namely the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-05 Yi Zhao , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Bing Qi , Christine Chen , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) enables a dealer to securely distribute keys to multiple players. Device-independent (DI) QSS can resist all possible attacks from practical imperfect devices and provide QSS the highest level of security in…

We propose a family of sifting-less quantum-key-distribution protocols which use reverse-reconciliation, and are based on weak coherent pulses (WCPs) polarized along m different directions. When m=4, the physical part of the protocol is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-04 Fabio Grazioso , Frédéric Grosshans

Security analyses of quantum cryptographic protocols typically rely on certain conditions; one such condition is that the sender (Alice) and receiver (Bob) have isolated devices inaccessible to third parties. If an eavesdropper (Eve) has a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-06 Jason Pereira , Stefano Pirandola

Quantum cryptography is now considered as a promising technology due to its promise of unconditional security. In recent years, rigorous work is being done for the experimental realization of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-02 Satish Kumar , Priya Malpani , Britant , Sandeep Mishra , Anirban Pathak

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution removes all detector-side attacks in quantum cryptography, and in the meantime doubles the secure distance. The source side, however, is still vulnerable to various attacks. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Zhu Cao

Distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution stands out for its easy implementation with present day technology. Since many years, a full security proof of these schemes in a realistic setting has been elusive. For the first time,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-05 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Le Phuc Thinh , Hugo Zbinden , Nicolas Gisin

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables the sharing of cryptographic keys secured by quantum mechanics. The BB84 protocol assumed single-photon sources, but practical systems rely on weak coherent pulses vulnerable to photon-number-splitting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Ibrahim Almosallam

We propose a high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that employs temporal correlations of entangled photons. The security of the protocol relies on measurements by Alice and Bob in one of two conjugate bases, implemented…

Unconditional security proofs of various quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are built on idealized assumptions. One key assumption is: the sender (Alice) can prepare the required quantum states without errors. However, such an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers an unconditionally secure means of communication based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Currently, a major challenge is to achieve a QKD system with a 40 dB channel loss, which is required if we are to…

We propose a simple quantum-key-distribution (QKD) scheme for practical single photon sources (SPSs), which works even with a moderate suppression of the second-order correlation $g^{(2)}$ of the source. The scheme utilizes a passive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Yoritoshi Adachi , Takashi Yamamoto , Masato Koashi , Nobuyuki Imoto

The fabrication of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems typically involves several parties, thus providing Eve with multiple opportunities to meddle with the devices. As a consequence, conventional hardware and/or software hacking attacks…