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The widespread deployment of face recognition-based biometric systems has made face Presentation Attack Detection (face anti-spoofing) an increasingly critical issue. This survey thoroughly investigates the face Presentation Attack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Zuheng Ming , Muriel Visani , Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman , Jean-Christophe Burie

With the development of deep learning, Deep Metric Learning (DML) has achieved great improvements in face recognition. Specifically, the widely used softmax loss in the training process often bring large intra-class variations, and feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Bowen Wu , Huaming Wu , Monica M. Y. Zhang

Face presentation attack detection (PAD) has become a thorny problem for biometric systems and numerous countermeasures have been proposed to address it. However, majority of them directly extract feature descriptors and distinguish fake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Lei Li , Zhaoqiang Xia , Xiaoyue Jiang , Fabio Roli , Xiaoyi Feng

Face recognition has evolved significantly with the advancement of deep learning techniques, enabling its widespread adoption in various applications requiring secure authentication. However, this progress has also increased its exposure to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Iurii Medvedev , Nuno Goncalves

Face presentation attack detection (PAD) plays an important role in defending face recognition systems against presentation attacks. The success of PAD largely relies on supervised learning that requires a huge number of labeled data, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Usman Muhammad , Mourad Oussalah

Face anti-spoofing (a.k.a presentation attack detection) has drawn growing attention due to the high-security demand in face authentication systems. Existing CNN-based approaches usually well recognize the spoofing faces when training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-18 Xiaoguang Tu , Jian Zhao , Mei Xie , Guodong Du , Hengsheng Zhang , Jianshu Li , Zheng Ma , Jiashi Feng

The supervised-learning-based morphing attack detection (MAD) solutions achieve outstanding success in dealing with attacks from known morphing techniques and known data sources. However, given variations in the morphing attacks, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Meiling Fang , Fadi Boutros , Naser Damer

Automatic methods for detecting presentation attacks are essential to ensure the reliable use of facial recognition technology. Most of the methods available in the literature for presentation attack detection (PAD) fails in generalizing to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Anjith George , Sebastien Marcel

The increasing realism and accessibility of deepfakes have raised critical concerns about media authenticity and information integrity. Despite recent advances, deepfake detection models often struggle to generalize beyond their training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Stelios Mylonas , Symeon Papadopoulos

Face anti-spoofing has drawn a lot of attention due to the high security requirements in biometric authentication systems. Bringing face biometric to commercial hardware became mostly dependent on developing reliable methods for detecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Nikolay Sergievskiy , Roman Vlasov , Roman Trusov

Morphing attacks have diversified significantly over the past years, with new methods based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and diffusion models posing substantial threats to face recognition systems. Recent research has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Laurent Colbois , Sébastien Marcel

Previous Face Anti-spoofing (FAS) methods face the challenge of generalizing to unseen domains, mainly because most existing FAS datasets are relatively small and lack data diversity. Thanks to the development of face recognition in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Xingming Long , Jie Zhang , Shiguang Shan

Face recognition technologies are increasingly used in various applications, yet they are vulnerable to face spoofing attacks. These spoofing attacks often involve unique 3D structures, such as printed papers or mobile device screens.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Ariel Larey , Eyal Rond , Omer Achrack

The softmax-based loss functions and its variants (e.g., cosface, sphereface, and arcface) significantly improve the face recognition performance in wild unconstrained scenes. A common practice of these algorithms is to perform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Hongwei Xu , Suncheng Xiang , Dahong Qian

Anomaly Detection (AD) is a critical task that involves identifying observations that do not conform to a learned model of normality. Prior work in deep AD is predominantly based on a familiarity hypothesis, where familiar features serve as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Sarath Sivaprasad , Mario Fritz

Presentation attacks are posing major challenges to most of the biometric modalities. Iris recognition, which is considered as one of the most accurate biometric modality for person identification, has also been shown to be vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Mehak Gupta , Vishal Singh , Akshay Agarwal , Mayank Vatsa , Richa Singh

Graph anomaly detection (GAD), which aims to identify unusual graph instances (nodes, edges, subgraphs, or graphs), has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its significance in a wide range of applications. Deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hezhe Qiao , Hanghang Tong , Bo An , Irwin King , Charu Aggarwal , Guansong Pang

Face presentation attack detection (PAD) is an essential measure to protect face recognition systems from being spoofed by malicious users and has attracted great attention from both academia and industry. Although most of the existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Zhi Li , Haoliang Li , Xin Luo , Yongjian Hu , Kwok-Yan Lam , Alex C. Kot

Recent advancements in deep learning have revolutionized technology and security measures, necessitating robust identification methods. Biometric approaches, leveraging personalized characteristics, offer a promising solution. However, Face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Iurii Medvedev , Nuno Gonçalves

For enterprise, personal and societal applications, there is now an increasing demand for automated authentication of identity from images using computer vision. However, current authentication technologies are still vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Ayush Jaiswal , Shuai Xia , Iacopo Masi , Wael AbdAlmageed