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It is proved that in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (without spin) the transition probability may be described in terms of particle paths, every path having a (positive) probability. This leads to a stochastic hidden variables theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-30 Emilio Santos

It is well-known that Bell's Theorem and other No Hidden Variable theorems have a "retrocausal loophole", because they assume that the values of pre-existing hidden variables are independent of future measurement settings. (This is often…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-07-31 Huw Price , Ken Wharton

We define criteria for a hidden variables theory to be Lorentz invariant and prove that it implies no signaling. As a result, we show that a Lorentz invariant and contextual theory (e.g., quantum field theory) must be genuinely stochastic,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Avi Levy , Meir Hemmo

We use a simple relational framework to develop the key notions and results on hidden variables and non-locality. The extensive literature on these topics in the foundations of quantum mechanics is couched in terms of probabilistic models,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-10 Samson Abramsky

The celebrated Bell's no-go theorem rules out the hidden-variable theories falling in the hypothesis of locality and causality, by requiring the theory to model the quantum correlation-at-a-distance phenomena. Here I develop an independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-19 Doriano Brogioli

We demonstrate how to construct a lorentz-invariant, hidden-variable interpretation of relativistic quantum mechanics based on particle trajectories. The covariant theory that we propose employs a multi-time formalism and a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 George Horton , Chris Dewdney

Motivated by Popescu's example of hidden nonlocality, we elaborate on the conjecture that quantum states that are intuitively nonlocal, i.e., entangled, do not admit a local causal hidden variables model. We exhibit quantum states which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Stefan Teufel , Karin Berndl , Detlef Dürr , Sheldon Goldstein , Nino Zangh\`ı

We discuss how to embed quantum nonlocality in an approximately classical spacetime background, a question which must be answered irrespective of any underlying microscopic theory of spacetime. We argue that, in deterministic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-01 Antony Valentini

We discuss the problem of finding a Lorentz invariant extension of Bohmian mechanics. Due to the nonlocality of the theory there is (for systems of more than one particle) no obvious way to achieve such an extension. We present a model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Berndl , D. Duerr , S. Goldstein , N. Zanghi

A version of Bohm's model incorporating retrocausality is presented, the aim being to explain the nonlocality of Bell's theorem while maintaining Lorentz invariance in the underlying ontology. The strengths and weaknesses of this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-05 Roderick Sutherland

Irreversibility implies a preferred flow of time, yet special relativity denies the existence of a preferred clock. This tension has long obstructed the formulation of a relativistic master equation: standard Markovian approximations either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Pranav Vaidhyanathan , Gerard J. Milburn

We discuss the problem of hidden variables and the motivation for introducting them in quantum mechanics. These include determinism, and the problem of meassurement and incompleteness. We first discuss Von-Neumann's imposisbility proof and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Virendra Singh

Hidden variables are extra components added to try to banish counterintuitive features of quantum mechanics. We start with a quantum-mechanical model and describe various properties that can be asked of a hidden-variable model. We present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-03 Adam Brandenburger , Noson Yanofsky

Bohmian mechanics and spontaneous collapse models are theories that overcome the quantum measurement problem. While they are naturally formulated for non-relativistic systems, it has proven difficult to formulate Lorentz invariant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Ward Struyve

A simple relativistic quantum hidden-variable theory of particle trajectories, similar to the Bohm theory but without nonlocal forces between the particles, is proposed. To provide compatibility with statistical predictions of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-12 H. Nikolic

Hidden-variable models aim to reproduce the results of quantum theory and to satisfy our classical intuition. Their refutation is usually based on deriving predictions that are different from those of quantum mechanics. Here instead we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Radu Ionicioiu , Robert B. Mann , Daniel R. Terno

We study general properties of certain Lorentz invariant noncommutative quantum field theories proposed in the literature. We show that causality in those theories does not hold, in contrast to the canonical noncommutative field theory with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Sami Saxell

A hidden-variable model for quantum-mechanical spin, as represented by the Pauli spin operators, is proposed for systems illustrating the well-known no-hidden-variables arguments by Peres and Mermin (1990) and by Greenberger, Horne, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-01 Carsten Held

Bell's theorem implies that any completion of quantum mechanics which uses hidden variables (that is, preexisting values of all observables) must be nonlocal in the Einstein sense. This customarily indicates that knowledge of the hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Avishy Carmi , Eliahu Cohen , Lorenzo Maccone , Hrvoje Nikolic

Contrary to the established view of the Lorenz system as an archetype of dissipative chaos lacking conserved quantities, this work rigorously demonstrates the existence of a novel class of history-dependent dynamical invariants. Through a…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-11 B. A. Toledo
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