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In this work, we develop a graphical calculus for multi-qudit computations with generalized Clifford algebras, building off the algebraic framework developed in our prior work. We build our graphical calculus out of a fixed set of graphical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Robert Lin

Stabilizer states form an important class of states in quantum information, and are of central importance in quantum error correction. Here, we provide an algorithm for deciding whether one stabilizer (target) state can be obtained from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-16 Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner

We develop a framework for the classification of invertible translation-invariant stabilizer codes modulo condensation and stabilization with simple codes. We introduce generalizations of the Pauli groups of local unitaries for quantum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Roman Geiko , Georgii Shuklin

Unitary designs are unitary ensembles that emulate Haar-random unitary statistics. They provide a vital tool for studying quantum randomness and have found broad applications in quantum technologies. However, existing research has focused…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Xiaodong Yang , Jiaqing Leng , Jun Li

Recent work has explored using the stabilizer formalism to classically simulate quantum circuits containing a few non-Clifford gates. The computational cost of such methods is directly related to the notion of stabilizer rank, which for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Sergey Bravyi , Dan Browne , Padraic Calpin , Earl Campbell , David Gosset , Mark Howard

Amongst quantum error-correcting codes the surface code has remained of particular promise as it has local and very low-weight checks, even despite only encoding a single logical qubit no matter the lattice size. In this work we discuss new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Lane G. Gunderman

We systematically construct and classify fault-tolerant logical gates implemented by constant-depth circuits for quantum codes using cohomology operations and symmetry. These logical gates are obtained from unitary operators given by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Po-Shen Hsin , Ryohei Kobayashi , Guanyu Zhu

We show that qubit stabilizer states can be represented by non-negative quasi-probability distributions associated with a Wigner-Weyl-Moyal formalism where Clifford gates are positive state-independent maps. This is accomplished by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 Lucas Kocia , Peter Love

We give a pair of algorithms that efficiently learn a quantum state prepared by Clifford gates and $O(\log n)$ non-Clifford gates. Specifically, for an $n$-qubit state $|\psi\rangle$ prepared with at most $t$ non-Clifford gates, our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Sabee Grewal , Vishnu Iyer , William Kretschmer , Daniel Liang

Clifford algebras are used for definition of spinors. Because of using spin-1/2 systems as an adequate model of quantum bit, a relation of the algebras with quantum information science has physical reasons. But there are simple mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

We consider the problem of Clifford testing, which asks whether a black-box $n$-qubit unitary is a Clifford unitary or at least $\varepsilon$-far from every Clifford unitary. We give the first 4-query Clifford tester, which decides this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Marcel Hinsche , Zongbo Bao , Philippe van Dordrecht , Jens Eisert , Jop Briët , Jonas Helsen

In this letter, we introduce a method to synthesize an $n$-qubit Clifford unitary $C$ from the stabilizer tableau of its inverse $C\dag$, using ancilla qubits and measurements. The procedure uses ancillary $|+\rangle$ states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-26 Sowmitra Das

While stabilizer tableaus have proven exceptionally useful as a descriptive tool for additive quantum codes, they offer little guidance for concrete constructions or coding algorithm analysis. We introduce a representation of stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Andrey Boris Khesin

Kliuchnikov, Maslov, and Mosca proved in 2012 that a $2\times 2$ unitary matrix $V$ can be exactly represented by a single-qubit Clifford+$T$ circuit if and only if the entries of $V$ belong to the ring $\mathbb{Z}[1/\sqrt{2},i]$. Later…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-08 Matthew Amy , Andrew N. Glaudell , Neil J. Ross

A binary linear code whose permutation automorphism group has a fixed point free permutation of order $3$ is called a binary cubic code. The scope of this paper is to investigate the structural properties of binary cubic codes. Let $C$ be a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Murat Altunbulak , Fatma Altunbulak Aksu , Roghayeh Hafezieh , İpek Tuvay

We present novel algorithms to estimate outcomes for qubit quantum circuits. Notably, these methods can simulate a Clifford circuit in linear time without ever writing down stabilizer states explicitly. These algorithms outperform previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Patrick Rall , Daniel Liang , Jeremy Cook , William Kretschmer

A general quantum circuit can be simulated classically in exponential time. If it has a planar layout, then a tensor-network contraction algorithm due to Markov and Shi has a runtime exponential in the square root of its size, or more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-14 David Gosset , Daniel Grier , Alex Kerzner , Luke Schaeffer

Efficient methods for the representation and simulation of quantum states and quantum operations are crucial for the optimization of quantum circuits. Decision diagrams (DDs), a well-studied data structure originally used to represent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Lieuwe Vinkhuijzen , Tim Coopmans , David Elkouss , Vedran Dunjko , Alfons Laarman

A quantum cellular automaton (QCA) or a causal unitary is by definition an automorphism of local operator algebra, by which local operators are mapped to local operators. Quantum circuits of small depth, local Hamiltonian evolutions for…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Jeongwan Haah

The quantum stabilizer formalism became foundational for understanding error correction soon after the realization of the first useful quantum error correction codes. Stabilizers provide a way to describe sets of quantum states which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Sean Garner , Chenxu Liu , Meng Wang , Samuel Stein , Ang Li