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Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method to learn robust control policies for bipedal locomotion. Yet, it can be difficult to tune desired robot behaviors due to unintuitive and complex reward design. In comparison,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Neil Janwani , Varun Madabushi , Maegan Tucker

This paper presents a comprehensive study on using deep reinforcement learning (RL) to create dynamic locomotion controllers for bipedal robots. Going beyond focusing on a single locomotion skill, we develop a general control solution that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zhongyu Li , Xue Bin Peng , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Glen Berseth , Koushil Sreenath

Legged locomotion is commonly studied and expressed as a discrete set of gait patterns, like walk, trot, gallop, which are usually treated as given and pre-programmed in legged robots for efficient locomotion at different speeds. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Zipeng Fu , Ashish Kumar , Jitendra Malik , Deepak Pathak

Stable gait generation is a crucial problem for legged robot locomotion as this impacts other critical performance factors such as, e.g. mobility over an uneven terrain and power consumption. Gait generation stability results from the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Vyacheslav Kovalev , Anna Shkromada , Henni Ouerdane , Pavel Osinenko

Legged robots are promising candidates for exploring challenging areas on low-gravity bodies such as the Moon, Mars, or asteroids, thanks to their advanced mobility on unstructured terrain. However, as planetary robots' power and thermal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Philip Arm , Oliver Fischer , Joseph Church , Adrian Fuhrer , Hendrik Kolvenbach , Marco Hutter

In this work, we introduce a control framework that combines model-based footstep planning with Reinforcement Learning (RL), leveraging desired footstep patterns derived from the Linear Inverted Pendulum (LIP) dynamics. Utilizing the LIP…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Ho Jae Lee , Seungwoo Hong , Sangbae Kim

This study presents an innovative approach to optimal gait control for a soft quadruped robot enabled by four Compressible Tendon-driven Soft Actuators (CTSAs). Improving our previous studies of using model-free reinforcement learning for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xuezhi Niu , Kaige Tan , Lei Feng

Humanoid robots have the promise of locomoting like humans, including fast and dynamic running. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) controllers that can mimic human motions have become popular as they can generate very dynamic behaviors,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zachary Olkin , William D. Compton , Ryan M. Bena , Aaron D. Ames

In reinforcement learning for legged robot locomotion, crafting effective reward strategies is crucial. Pre-defined gait patterns and complex reward systems are widely used to stabilize policy training. Drawing from the natural locomotion…

This research focuses on developing reinforcement learning approaches for the locomotion generation of small-size quadruped robots. The rat robot NeRmo is employed as the experimental platform. Due to the constrained volume, small-size…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Xinhui Shan , Yuhong Huang , Zhenshan Bing , Zitao Zhang , Xiangtong Yao , Kai Huang , Alois Knoll

Humans excel at robust bipedal walking in complex natural environments. In each step, they adequately tune the interaction of biomechanical muscle dynamics and neuronal signals to be robust against uncertainties in ground conditions.…

Wheeled-legged robots combine the efficiency of wheels with the versatility of legs, but face significant energy optimization challenges when navigating diverse environments. In this work, we present a hierarchical control framework that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xu Yang , Wei Yang , Kaibo He , Bo Yang , Yanan Sui , Yilin Mo

Quadrupedal robots exhibit a wide range of viable gaits, but generating specific footfall sequences often requires laborious expert tuning of numerous variables, such as touch-down and lift-off events and holonomic constraints for each leg.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jiayu Ding , Xulin Chen , Garrett E. Katz , Zhenyu Gan

Quadrupedal robots exhibit a wide range of viable gaits, but generating specific footfall sequences often requires laborious expert tuning of numerous variables, such as touch-down and lift-off events and holonomic constraints for each leg.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Jiayu Ding , Xulin Chen , Garret E. Katz , Zhenyu Gan

Learning human-like, robust bipedal walking remains difficult due to hybrid dynamics and terrain variability. We propose a lightweight framework that combines a gait generator network learned from human motion with Proximal Policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Yusuf Baran Ates , Omer Morgul

We propose a robust dynamic walking controller consisting of a dynamic locomotion planner, a reinforcement learning process for robustness, and a novel whole-body locomotion controller (WBLC). Previous approaches specify either the position…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Donghyun Kim , Jaemin Lee , Luis Sentis

We apply reinforcement learning (RL) to robotics tasks. One of the drawbacks of traditional RL algorithms has been their poor sample efficiency. One approach to improve the sample efficiency is model-based RL. In our model-based RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Adithya Ramesh , Balaraman Ravindran

Sprawling locomotion in vertebrates, particularly salamanders, demonstrates how body undulation and spinal mobility enhance stability, maneuverability, and adaptability across complex terrains. While prior work has separately explored…

Gaits engineered for snake-like robots to rotate in-place instrumentally fill a gap in the set of locomotive gaits that have traditionally prioritized translation. This paper designs a Turn-in-Place gait and demonstrates the ability of a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Alexander H. Chang , Patricio A. Vela

This work aims to develop a resource-efficient solution for obstacle-avoiding tracking control of a planar snake robot in a densely cluttered environment with obstacles. Particularly, Neuro-Evolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) has been…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Advik Sinha , Akshay Arjun , Abhijit Das , Joyjit Mukherjee