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The ZX-Calculus is a powerful graphical language for quantum mechanics and quantum information processing. The completeness of the language -- i.e. the ability to derive any true equation -- is a crucial question. In the quest of a complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-27 Emmanuel Jeandel , Simon Perdrix , Renaud Vilmart , Quanlong Wang

In the near term, programming quantum computers will remain severely limited by low quantum volumes. Therefore, it is desirable to implement quantum circuits with the fewest resources possible. For the common Clifford+T circuits, most…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Korbinian Staudacher , Tobias Guggemos , Sophia Grundner-Culemann , Wolfgang Gehrke

The ZX-calculus is an intuitive but also mathematically strict graphical language for quantum computing, which is especially powerful for the framework of quantum circuits. Completeness of the ZX-calculus means any equality of matrices with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-18 Quanlong Wang

ZX-Calculus is a versatile graphical language for quantum computation equipped with an equational theory. Getting inspiration from Geometry of Interaction, in this paper we propose a token-machine-based asynchronous model of both pure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Kostia Chardonnet , Benoît Valiron , Renaud Vilmart

We introduce the Scalable ZX-calculus (SZX-calculus for short), a formal and compact graphical language for the design and verification of quantum computations. The SZX-calculus is an extension of the ZX-calculus, a powerful framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-31 Titouan Carette , Dominic Horsman , Simon Perdrix

Quantum circuit cutting refers to a series of techniques that allow one to partition a quantum computation on a large quantum computer into several quantum computations on smaller devices. This usually comes at the price of a sampling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Marco Schumann , Tobias Stollenwerk , Alessandro Ciani

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for suitably represented tensor networks, called ZX-diagrams. Calculations are performed by transforming ZX-diagrams with rewrite rules. The ZX-calculus has found applications in reasoning about…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Alex Townsend-Teague , Konstantinos Meichanetzidis

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for reasoning about quantum computation using ZX-diagrams, a certain flexible generalisation of quantum circuits that can be used to represent linear maps from $m$ to $n$ qubits for any $m,n \geq 0$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Niel de Beaudrap , Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

Traditional quantum circuit optimization is performed directly at the circuit level. Alternatively, a quantum circuit can be translated to a ZX-diagram which can be simplified using the rules of the ZX-calculus, after which a simplified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-16 Ryan Krueger

Recently, we gave a complete axiomatisation of the ZX-calculus for the overall pure qubit quantum mechanics. Based on this result, here we also obtain a complete axiomatisation of the ZX-calculus for the Clifford+T quantum mechanics by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-30 Kang Feng Ng , Quanlong Wang

The ZX-calculus was introduced as a graphical language able to represent specific quantum primitives in an intuitive way. The recent completeness results have shown the theoretical possibility of a purely graphical description of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Titouan Carette , Yohann D'Anello , Simon Perdrix

The ZX-calculus is a powerful diagrammatic language for quantum mechanics and quantum information processing. We prove that its \pi/4-fragment is not complete, in other words the ZX-calculus is not complete for the so called "Clifford+T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-11 Simon Perdrix , Quanlong Wang

Graphical calculi for representing interacting quantum systems serve a number of purposes: compositionally, intuitive graphical reasoning, and a logical underpinning for automation. The power of these calculi stems from the fact that they…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-03-17 Bob Coecke , Aleks Kissinger , Alex Merry , Shibdas Roy

We present a simple and efficient way to reduce the contraction cost of a tensor network to simulate a quantum circuit. We start by interpreting the circuit as a ZX-diagram. We then use simplification and local complementation rules to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-05 Tristan Cam , Simon Martiel

Quantum computing is an emerging technology in which quantum mechanical properties are suitably utilized to perform certain compute-intensive operations faster than classical computers. Quantum algorithms are designed as a combination of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Aravind Joshi , Akshara Kairali , Renju Raju , Adithya Athreya , Reena Monica P , Sanjay Vishwakarma , Srinjoy Ganguly

Quantum arithmetic circuits have practical applications in various quantum algorithms. In this paper, we address quantum addition on 2-dimensional nearest-neighbor architectures based on the work presented by Choi and Van Meter (JETC 2012).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-02 Mehdi Saeedi , Alireza Shafaei , Massoud Pedram

Quantum computing has the potential to solve many complex algorithms in the domains of optimization, arithmetics, structural search, financial risk analysis, machine learning, image processing, and others. Quantum circuits built to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Vladimir V. Arsoski

Categorical Quantum Mechanics, and graphical calculi in particular, has proven to be an intuitive and powerful way to reason about quantum computing. This work continues the exploration of graphical calculi, inside and outside of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-09 Hector Miller-Bakewell

The ZX-calculus is a graphical language for reasoning about ZX-diagrams, a type of tensor networks that can represent arbitrary linear maps between qubits. Using the ZX-calculus, we can intuitively reason about quantum theory, and optimise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

ZX-calculus is a graphical language for quantum computing which is complete in the sense that calculation in matrices can be done in a purely diagrammatic way. However, all previous universally complete axiomatisations of ZX-calculus have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Quanlong Wang