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We define a monad $T_n^{\operatorname{D^s}}$ whose operations are encoded by simple string diagrams and we define $n$-sesquicategories as algebras over this monad. This monad encodes the compositional structure of $n$-dimensional string…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-17 Manuel Araújo

We introduce the notion of the space of parallel strings with partially summable labels, which can be viewed as a geometrically constructed group completion of the space of particles with labels. We utilize this to construct a machinery…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2009-03-27 Shingo Okuyama , Kazuhisa Shimakawa

We introduce formal languages over infinite alphabets where words may contain binders. We define the notions of nominal language, nominal monoid, and nominal regular expressions. Moreover, we extend history-dependent automata (HD-automata)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-02-17 Alexander Kurz , Tomoyuki Suzuki , Emilio Tuosto

A PROP is a symmetric monoidal category whose objects are the nonnegative integers and whose tensor product on objects is addition. A morphism from $m$ to $n$ in a PROP can be visualized as a string diagram with $m$ input wires and $n$…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-04 Simon Wadsley , Nick Woods

Control theory uses "signal-flow diagrams" to describe processes where real-valued functions of time are added, multiplied by scalars, differentiated and integrated, duplicated and deleted. These diagrams can be seen as string diagrams for…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-22 John C. Baez , Jason Erbele

We introduce two families of diagrammatic monoidal supercategories. The first family, depending on an associative superalgebra, generalizes the oriented Brauer category. The second, depending on an involutive superalgebra, generalizes the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Saima Samchuck-Schnarch , Alistair Savage

We discuss what it means for a symmetric monoidal category to be a module over a commutative semiring category. Each of the categories of (1) cartesian monoidal categories, (2) semiadditive categories, and (3) connective spectra can be…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-29 John D. Berman

We introduce a notion of complexity of diagrams (and in particular of objects and morphisms) in an arbitrary category, as well as a notion of complexity of functors between categories equipped with complexity functions. We discuss several…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Saugata Basu , M. Umut Isik

We introduce context-free languages of morphisms in monoidal categories, extending recent work on the categorification of context-free languages, and regular languages of string diagrams. Context-free languages of string diagrams include…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Matt Earnshaw , Mario Román

Tape diagrams provide a graphical representation for arrows of rig categories, namely categories equipped with two monoidal structures, $\oplus$ and $\otimes$, where $\otimes$ distributes over $\oplus$. However, their applicability is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Filippo Bonchi , Cipriano Junior Cioffo , Alessandro Di Giorgio , Elena Di Lavore

String diagrams are an increasingly popular algebraic language for the analysis of graphical models of computations across different research fields. Whereas string diagrams have been thoroughly studied as semantic structures, much less…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

We now have a wide range of proof assistants available for compositional reasoning in monoidal or higher categories which are free on some generating signature. However, none of these allow us to represent categorical operations such as…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Chiara Sarti , Jamie Vicary

When designing plans in engineering, it is often necessary to consider attributes associated to objects, e.g. the location of a robot. Our aim in this paper is to incorporate attributes into existing categorical formalisms for planning,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-27 Spencer Breiner , John S. Nolan

Symmetric monoidal theories (SMTs) generalise algebraic theories in a way that make them suitable to express resource-sensitive systems, in which variables cannot be copied or discarded at will. In SMTs, traditional tree-like terms are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Filippo Bonchi , Fabio Gadducci , Aleks Kissinger , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

We discuss string diagrams for timed process theories -- represented by duoidally-graded symmetric strict monoidal categories -- built upon the string diagrams of pinwheel double categories.

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Elena Di Lavore , Mario Román

We introduce the theory of enrichment over an internal monoidal category as a common generalization of both the standard theories of enriched and internal categories. The aim of the paper is to justify and contextualize the new notion by…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-16 Enrico Ghiorzi

In this paper, a novel approach for coding nominal data is proposed. For the given nominal data, a rank in a form of complex number is assigned. The proposed method does not lose any information about the attribute and brings other…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-13 Zenon Gniazdowski , Michal Grabowski

This is a draft of the textbook/monograph that presents computability theory using string diagrams. The introductory chapters have been taught as graduate and undergraduate courses and evolved through 8 years of lecture notes. The later…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Dusko Pavlovic

We argue that apart from the standard closed and open strings one may consider a third possibility that we call monodromic strings. The monodromic string propagating on a target looks like an ordinary open string (a mapping from a segment…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-29 C. Klimcik , S. Parkhomenko

We introduce a new type of diagrams and prove the existence of a particular one, the "central tuned diagram", with some optimal features, for finitely generated modules of certain categories. This is achieved by getting to the idea of "the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Stephanos Gekas