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Reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework to optimize a control policy using rewards that are revealed by the system as a response to a control action. In its standard form, RL involves a single agent that uses its policy to accomplish a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-24 Juan Cervino , Juan Andres Bazerque , Miguel Calvo-Fullana , Alejandro Ribeiro

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a general framework concerned with an agent that seeks to maximize rewards in an environment. The learning typically happens through trial and error using explorative methods, such as epsilon-greedy. There are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Per-Arne Andersen , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

In this work the problem of path planning for an autonomous vehicle that moves on a freeway is considered. The most common approaches that are used to address this problem are based on optimal control methods, which make assumptions about…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Konstantinos Makantasis , Maria Kontorinaki , Ioannis Nikolos

Learning effective representations in image-based environments is crucial for sample efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL). Unfortunately, in RL, representation learning is confounded with the exploratory experience of the agent -- learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Denis Yarats , Rob Fergus , Alessandro Lazaric , Lerrel Pinto

Machine and reinforcement learning (RL) are increasingly being applied to plan and control the behavior of autonomous systems interacting with the physical world. Examples include self-driving vehicles, distributed sensor networks, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-24 Nikolai Matni , Alexandre Proutiere , Anders Rantzer , Stephen Tu

Automated driving in urban settings is challenging. Human participant behavior is difficult to model, and conventional, rule-based Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) tend to fail when they face unmodeled dynamics. On the other hand, the more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Ekim Yurtsever , Linda Capito , Keith Redmill , Umit Ozguner

Reinforcement learning (RL) commonly relies on scalar rewards with limited ability to express temporal, conditional, or safety-critical goals, and can lead to reward hacking. Temporal logic expressible via the more general class of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Dominik Wagner , Leon Witzman , Luke Ong

This paper presents a Predictive Maneuver Planning with Deep Reinforcement Learning (PMP-DRL) model for maneuver planning. Traditional rule-based maneuver planning approaches often have to improve their abilities to handle the variabilities…

In this paper, we continue our prior work on using imitation learning (IL) and model free reinforcement learning (RL) to learn driving policies for autonomous driving in urban scenarios, by introducing a model based RL method to drive the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Zhuo Xu , Jianyu Chen , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Several works have addressed the problem of incorporating constraints in the reinforcement learning (RL) framework, however majority of them can only guarantee the satisfaction of soft constraints. In this work, we address the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Kwangyeon Kim , Akshita Gupta , Hong-Cheol Choi , Inseok Hwang

Autonomous driving has achieved significant progress in recent years, but autonomous cars are still unable to tackle high-risk situations where a potential accident is likely. In such near-accident scenarios, even a minor change in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Zhangjie Cao , Erdem Bıyık , Woodrow Z. Wang , Allan Raventos , Adrien Gaidon , Guy Rosman , Dorsa Sadigh

Many sequential decision-making problems that are currently automated, such as those in manufacturing or recommender systems, operate in an environment where there is either little uncertainty, or zero risk of catastrophe. As companies and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Marc Rigter

With the development of deep representation learning, the domain of reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful learning framework now capable of learning complex policies in high dimensional environments. This review summarises deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 B Ravi Kiran , Ibrahim Sobh , Victor Talpaert , Patrick Mannion , Ahmad A. Al Sallab , Senthil Yogamani , Patrick Pérez

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) framework to synthesize a control policy from a given linear temporal logic (LTL) specification in an unknown stochastic environment that can be modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP).…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Yu Wang , Michael M. Zavlanos , Miroslav Pajic

Sampling-based trajectory planners are widely used for agile autonomous driving due to their ability to generate fast, smooth, and kinodynamically feasible trajectories. However, their behavior is often governed by a cost function with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alexander Langmann , Yevhenii Tokarev , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Johannes Betz

We address the problem of deploying a reinforcement learning (RL) agent on a physical system such as a datacenter cooling unit or robot, where critical constraints must never be violated. We show how to exploit the typically smooth dynamics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-29 Gal Dalal , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Matej Vecerik , Todd Hester , Cosmin Paduraru , Yuval Tassa

Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising framework for autonomous driving by enabling agents to learn control policies through interaction with environments. However, large and high-dimensional action spaces often used to support…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Elahe Delavari , Feeza Khan Khanzada , Jaerock Kwon

The complexity of designing reward functions has been a major obstacle to the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (RL) techniques. Describing an agent's desired behaviors and properties can be difficult, even for experts. A new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Wanqi Xue , Bo An , Shuicheng Yan , Zhongwen Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated strong potential in training large language models (LLMs) capable of complex reasoning for real-world problem solving. More recently, RL has been leveraged to create sophisticated LLM-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bowen Jin , Jinsung Yoon , Priyanka Kargupta , Sercan O. Arik , Jiawei Han