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We prime-encode the natural numbers via recursive factorisation, iterated to the exponents, generating a corpus of planar rooted trees equivalently represented as Dyck words. This forms a deterministic text endowed with internal rules.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Pierluigi Contucci , Claudio Giberti , Godwin Osabutey , Cecilia Vernia

We introduce a certain class of 2-type Galton-Watson trees with edge lengths. We prove that, after an adequate rescaling, the weighted height function of a forest of such trees converges in law to the reflected Brownian motion. We then use…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-03 Loïc de Raphelis

Generating trees are a useful technique in the enumeration of various combinatorial objects, particularly restricted permutations. Quite often the generating tree for the set of permutations avoiding a set of patterns requires infinitely…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vince Vatter

We present here a new and universal approach for the study of random and/or trees, unifying in one framework many different models, including some novel ones not yet understood in the literature. An and/or tree is a Boolean expression…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-09 Nicolas Broutin , Cécile Mailler

We introduce generalizations of Aldous' Brownian Continuous Random Tree as scaling limits for multicritical models of discrete trees. These discrete models involve trees with fine-tuned vertex-dependent weights ensuring a k-th root…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Bouttier , P. Di Francesco , E. Guitter

We consider a multitype Galton-Watson process that allows for the mutation and reversion of individual types in discrete and continuous time. In this setting, we explicitly compute the time evolution of quantities such as the mean and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-01 Qiao Huang , Nicolas Privault

We study a fragmentation of the $\mathbf p$-trees of Camarri and Pitman [Elect. J. Probab., vol. 5, pp. 1--18, 2000]. We give exact correspondences between the $\mathbf p$-trees and trees which encode the fragmentation. We then use these…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-19 Nicolas Broutin , Minmin Wang

We consider loop ensembles on random trees. The loops are induced by a Poisson process of links sampled on the underlying tree interpreted as a metric graph. We allow two types of links, crosses and double bars. The crosses-only case…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-06 Andreas Klippel , Benjamin Lees , Christian Mönch

We define a notion of substitution on colored binary trees that we call substreetution. We show that a fixed point by a substreetution may be (or not) almost periodic, thus the closure of the orbit under $\mathbb{F}_2^+$-action may (or not)…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-01-07 A. Baraviera , R. Leplaideur

We use a natural ordered extension of the Chinese Restaurant Process to grow a two-parameter family of binary self-similar continuum fragmentation trees. We provide an explicit embedding of Ford's sequence of alpha model trees in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Jim Pitman , Matthias Winkel

This paper introduces a new combinatorial framework for modeling the growth of binary trees through a discrete evolution process that incorporates a growing rule and an extinction rule. Building upon the theory of increasingly labeled…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Olivier Bodini , Antoine Genitrini , Khaydar Nurligareev

Let $T$ be a locally finite tree all of whose vertices have valency at least $6$. We classify, up to isomorphism, the closed subgroups of $\mathrm{Aut}(T)$ acting $2$-transitively on the set of ends of $T$ and whose local action at each…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Nicolas Radu

This thesis examines linearly edge-reinforced random walks on infinite trees. In particular, recurrence and transience of such random walks on general (fixed) trees as well as on Galton-Watson trees (i.e. random trees) is characterized, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Fabian Michel

We prove that critical multitype Galton-Watson trees converge after rescaling to the Brownian continuum random tree, under the hypothesis that the offspring distribution has finite covariance matrices. Our study relies on an ancestral…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Grégory Marc Miermont

We study the counting problem of rigid quadrangulations, recently introduced by Budd and proven to be in bijection with colorful quadrangulations. The generating function for the latter has been derived in an algebraic manner by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Bart Zonneveld

Let $\tau$n be a random tree distributed as a Galton-Watson tree with geometric offspring distribution conditioned on {Zn = an} where Zn is the size of the n-th generation and (an, n $\in$ N *) is a deterministic positive sequence. We study…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-28 Romain Abraham , Aymen Bouaziz , Jean-François Delmas

The non-convexity of a smooth and compact connected component of a real algebraic plane curve can be measured by a combinatorial object called the Poincare-Reeb tree associated to the curve and to a direction of projection. In this paper we…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-07-13 Miruna-Stefana Sorea

A weighted recursive tree is an evolving tree in which vertices are assigned random vertex-weights and new vertices connect to a predecessor with a probability proportional to its weight. Here, we study the maximum degree and near-maximum…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Laura Eslava , Bas Lodewijks , Marcel Ortgiese

Random forests are decision tree ensembles that can be used to solve a variety of machine learning problems. However, as the number of trees and their individual size can be large, their decision making process is often incomprehensible. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Nico Potyka , Xiang Yin , Francesca Toni

We define a class of partially labeled trees and use them to find simple proofs for two recent enumeration results of Colin Defant concerning stack-sorting preimages of permutation classes.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Miklos Bona
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