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Epidemics have so far been mostly studied in undirected networks. However, many real-world networks, such as the social network Twitter and the WWW networks, upon which information, emotion or malware spreads, are shown to be directed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-15 Cong Li , Huijuan Wang , Piet Van Mieghem

Many real networks exhibit a layered structure in which links in each layer reflect the function of nodes on different environments. These multiple types of links are usually represented by a multiplex network in which each layer has a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-03-19 C. Buono , L. G. Alvarez Zuzek , P. A. Macri , L. A. Braunstein

Social interactions are stratified in multiple contexts and are subject to complex temporal dynamics. The systematic study of these two features of social systems has started only very recently mainly thanks to the development of multiplex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-12-12 Quan-Hui Liu , Xinyue Xiong , Qian Zhang , Nicola Perra

Several systems can be modeled as sets of interdependent networks where each network contains distinct nodes. Diffusion processes like the spreading of a disease or the propagation of information constitute fundamental phenomena occurring…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Mostafa Salehi , Payam Siyari , Matteo Magnani , Danilo Montesi

This letter investigates the multiple routes transmitted epidemic process on multiplex networks. We propose detailed theoretical analysis that allows us to accurately calculate the epidemic threshold and outbreak size. It is found that the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-06-18 Dawei Zhao , Lixiang Li , Haipeng Peng , Qun Luo , Yixian Yang

This study is concerned with the dynamical behaviors of epidemic spreading over a two-layered interconnected network. Three models in different levels are proposed to describe cooperative spreading processes over the interconnected network,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-02-15 Xiang Wei , Xiaoqun Wu , Shihua Chen , Jun-an Lu , Guanrong Chen

The science of networks has revolutionised research into the dynamics of interacting elements. It could be argued that epidemiology in particular has embraced the potential of network theory more than any other discipline. Here we review…

Epidemic spreading processes on dynamic multiplex networks provide a more accurate description of natural spreading processes than those on single layered networks. To describe the influence of different individuals in the awareness layer…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Minyu Feng , Xiangxi Li , Yuhan Li , Qin Li

The study of epidemic spreading on populations of networked individuals has seen recently a great deal of significant progresses. A common point of all past studies is, however, that there is only one peak of infected density in each single…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-05-09 Muhua Zheng , Wei Wang , Ming Tang , Jie Zhou , S. Boccaletti , Zonghua Liu

Nowadays, the emergence of online services provides various multi-relation information to support the comprehensive understanding of the epidemic spreading process. In this Letter, we consider the edge weights to represent such multi-role…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-16 Ye Sun , Chuang Liu , Chu-Xu Zhang , Zi-Ke Zhang

Epidemic spread in single-host systems strongly depends on the population's contact network. However, little is known regarding the spread of epidemics across networks representing populations of multiple hosts. We explored cross-species…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-12-06 Shai Pilosof , Gili Greenbaum , Boris R. Krasnov , Yuval R. Zelnik

It is often useful to represent the infectious dynamics of mobile agents by metapopulation models. In such a model, metapopulations form a static network, and individuals migrate from one metapopulation to another. It is known that…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2010-09-09 Naoki Masuda

One of the famous results of network science states that networks with heterogeneous connectivity are more susceptible to epidemic spreading than their more homogeneous counterparts. In particular, in networks of identical nodes it has been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-08-05 Hui Yang , Ming Tang , Thilo Gross

The Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model is studied in multilayer networks with arbitrary number of links across the layers. By following the mapping to bond percolation we give the analytical expression for the epidemic threshold and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-03-09 Ginestra Bianconi

Epidemics on complex networks is a widely investigated topic in the last few years, mainly due to the last pandemic events. Usually, real contact networks are dynamic, hence much effort has been invested in studying epidemics on evolving…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-05-18 Hillel Sanhedrai , Shlomo Havlin

Multigraphs are graphs in which multiple links between pairs of nodes are allowed, whereas they are forbidden in simple graphs, the latter being widely used in network science. Simple graphs generated by the configuration model have served…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-29 Paulo H. Lorenzoni , Wesley Cota , Francisco A. Rodrigues , Silvio C. Ferreira

In spite of the extensive previous efforts on traffic dynamics and epidemic spreading in complex networks, the problem of traffic-driven epidemic spreading on {\em correlated} networks has not been addressed. Interestingly, we find that the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-07-22 Han-Xin Yang , Ming Tang , Ying-Cheng Lai

Most models of epidemic spread, including many designed specifically for COVID-19, implicitly assume mass-action contact patterns and undirected contact networks, meaning that the individuals most likely to spread the disease are also the…

Disease and information spread over social and information networks. Understanding the spread phenomena in networks requires paying attention not only to the degree distribution but also to the degree correlation. However, it is considered…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-22 Satoru Morita

The multilayer network framework has served to describe and uncover a number of novel and unforeseen physical behaviors and regimes in interacting complex systems. However, the majority of existing studies are built on undirected multilayer…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-03 Xiangrong Wang , Alejandro Tejedor , Yi Wang , Yamir Moreno
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