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Deep neural networks are learning models with a very high capacity and therefore prone to over-fitting. Many regularization techniques such as Dropout, DropConnect, and weight decay all attempt to solve the problem of over-fitting by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Armen Aghajanyan

Convolutional Neural networks (CNNs) based applications have become ubiquitous, where proper regularization is greatly needed. To prevent large neural network models from overfitting, dropout has been widely used as an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Shaofeng Cai , Yao Shu , Gang Chen , Beng Chin Ooi , Wei Wang , Meihui Zhang

Neural networks are easier to optimise when they have many more weights than are required for modelling the mapping from inputs to outputs. This suggests a two-stage learning procedure that first learns a large net and then prunes away…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Aidan N. Gomez , Ivan Zhang , Siddhartha Rao Kamalakara , Divyam Madaan , Kevin Swersky , Yarin Gal , Geoffrey E. Hinton

Ensembling fine-tuned models initialized from powerful pre-trained weights is a common strategy to improve robustness under distribution shifts, but it comes with substantial computational costs due to the need to train and store multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Masih Aminbeidokhti , Heitor Rapela Medeiros , Srikanth Muralidharan , Eric Granger , Marco Pedersoli

Deep neural networks often consist of a great number of trainable parameters for extracting powerful features from given datasets. On one hand, massive trainable parameters significantly enhance the performance of these deep networks. On…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang , Yixing Xu , Boxin Shi , Chao Xu , Chunjing Xu , Chang Xu

Dropout as a common regularizer to prevent overfitting in deep neural networks has been less effective in convolutional layers than in fully connected layers. This is because Dropout drops features randomly, without considering local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Liyan Chen , Philippos Mordohai , Sergul Aydore

Introduced by Hinton et al. in 2012, dropout has stood the test of time as a regularizer for preventing overfitting in neural networks. In this study, we demonstrate that dropout can also mitigate underfitting when used at the start of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Zhuang Liu , Zhiqiu Xu , Joseph Jin , Zhiqiang Shen , Trevor Darrell

Dropout is a widely-used regularization technique, often required to obtain state-of-the-art for a number of architectures. This work demonstrates that dropout introduces two distinct but entangled regularization effects: an explicit effect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Colin Wei , Sham Kakade , Tengyu Ma

Deep learning using multi-layer neural networks (NNs) architecture manifests superb power in modern machine learning systems. The trained Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are typically large. The question we would like to address is whether it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Wei Pan , Hao Dong , Yike Guo

Deep neural networks often work well when they are over-parameterized and trained with a massive amount of noise and regularization, such as weight decay and dropout. Although dropout is widely used as a regularization technique for fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Golnaz Ghiasi , Tsung-Yi Lin , Quoc V. Le

We introduce dropout compaction, a novel method for training feed-forward neural networks which realizes the performance gains of training a large model with dropout regularization, yet extracts a compact neural network for run-time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-25 Yotaro Kubo , George Tucker , Simon Wiesler

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are rich models for the processing of sequential data. Recent work on advancing the state of the art has been focused on the optimization or modelling of RNNs, mostly motivated by adressing the problems of…

Deep neural networks are typically trained by uniformly sampling large datasets across epochs, despite evidence that not all samples contribute equally throughout learning. Recent work shows that progressively reducing the amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Amar Gahir , Varshil Patel , Shreyank N Gowda

Regularisation of deep neural networks (DNN) during training is critical to performance. By far the most popular method is known as dropout. Here, cast through the prism of signal processing theory, we compare and contrast the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-27 Andrew J. R. Simpson

Deep neural network (DNN)-based adaptive controllers can be used to compensate for unstructured uncertainties in nonlinear dynamic systems. However, DNNs are also very susceptible to overfitting and co-adaptation. Dropout regularization is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-01 Saiedeh Akbari , Emily J. Griffis , Omkar Sudhir Patil , Warren E. Dixon

Dropout is a well-known regularization method by sampling a sub-network from a larger deep neural network and training different sub-networks on different subsets of the data. Inspired by the dropout concept, we propose EDropout as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Hojjat Salehinejad , Shahrokh Valaee

Overfitting is a major problem in training machine learning models, specifically deep neural networks. This problem may be caused by imbalanced datasets and initialization of the model parameters, which conforms the model too closely to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Hojjat Salehinejad , Shahrokh Valaee

Dropout has been witnessed with great success in training deep neural networks by independently zeroing out the outputs of neurons at random. It has also received a surge of interest for shallow learning, e.g., logistic regression. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Zhe Li , Boqing Gong , Tianbao Yang

This paper proposes a new regularization algorithm referred to as macro-block dropout. The overfitting issue has been a difficult problem in training large neural network models. The dropout technique has proven to be simple yet very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Chanwoo Kim , Sathish Indurti , Jinhwan Park , Wonyong Sung

It is important to understand how the popular regularization method dropout helps the neural network training find a good generalization solution. In this work, we show that the training with dropout finds the neural network with a flatter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Zhongwang Zhang , Hanxu Zhou , Zhi-Qin John Xu