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Knowledge regarding the coronal magnetic field is important for the understanding of many phenomena, like flares and coronal mass ejections. Because of the low plasma beta in the solar corona the coronal magnetic field is often assumed to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Thomas Wiegelmann , Bernd Inhester , Takashi Sakurai

Context: Knowledge about the coronal magnetic field is important to the understanding the structure of the solar corona. We compute the field in the higher layers of the solar atmosphere from the measured photospheric field under the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 T. Tadesse , T. Wiegelmann , B. Inhester

Photospheric electric fields, estimated from sequences of vector magnetic field and Doppler measurements, can be used to estimate the flux of magnetic energy (the Poynting flux) into the corona and as time-dependent boundary conditions for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Maria D. Kazachenko , George H. Fisher , Brian T. Welsch

The Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model is the most used approach for extrapolating the global coronal magnetic field, offering efficiency and strong performance at large scales. However, PFSS assumes a potential coronal field, so…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-23 C. Antonio , I. Chifu , R. Gafeira , J. J. G. Lima

In this work, we introduce a novel generative denoising diffusion model for synthesizing the Sun's three-dimensional coronal magnetic field, a complex and dynamic region characterized by evolving magnetic structures. Despite daily…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-03 Daniel E. da Silva , Michael Kirk , Nat Mathews , Andrés Muñoz-Jaramillo

The coronal magnetic field, despite its overwhelming importance to the physics and dynamics of the corona, has only rarely been measured. Here, the electron density maps derived from images acquired during the total solar eclipse of August…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Alessandro Bemporad

Coronagraph observations provide key information about the orientation of the Sun's magnetic field. Previous studies used various algorithms to segment quasi-radial features in coronagraph images and approximate their local plane-of-sky…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-26 Christopher E. Rura , Vadim M. Uritsky , Shaela I. Jones , Cooper Downs , Nathalia Alzate , Charles N. Arge

Context: This paper presents a method which can be used to calculate models of the global solar corona from observational data. Aims: We present an optimization method for computing nonlinear magnetohydrostatic equilibria in spherical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 T. Wiegelmann , T. Neukirch , P. Ruan , B. Inhester

Estimating the magnetic field strength in the solar corona is crucial for understanding different physical processes happening over diverse spatio-temporal scales. However, the high temperatures and low density of the solar corona make this…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-07 Upasna Baweja , Vaibhav Pant , Iñigo Arregui

Solar flares and plasma eruptions are sudden releases of magnetic energy stored in the plasma atmosphere. To understand the physical mechanisms governing their occurrences, three-dimensional magnetic fields from the photosphere up to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-24 Takafumi Kaneko , Sung-Hong Park , Kanya Kusano

The solar magnetic field is key to understanding the physical processes in the solar atmosphere. Nonlinear force-free codes have been shown to be useful in extrapolating the coronal field upward from underlying vector boundary data.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-29 T. Wiegelmann , J. K. Thalmann , C. J. Schrijver , M. L. Derosa , T. R. Metcalf

In the solar corona, magnetic flux rope is believed to be a fundamental structure accounts for magnetic free energy storage and solar eruptions. Up to the present, the extrapolation of magnetic field from boundary data is the primary way to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-20 Chaowei Jiang , Xueshang Feng

The magnetic network extending from the photosphere (solar radius $\simeq R_\odot$) to lower corona ($R_\odot + 10$ Mm) plays an important role in the heating mechanisms of the solar atmosphere. Here we further develop the models with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-02 Frederick A. Gent , Ben Snow , Viktor Fedun , Robertus Erdelyi

Solar magnetic fields are closely related to various physical phenomena on the sun, which can be extrapolated with different models from photospheric magnetograms. However, the Open Flux Problem (OFP), the underestimation of the magnetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-30 Guanglu Shi , Li Feng , Beili Ying , Shuting Li , Weiqun Gan

The coronal magnetic field is an important quantity because the magnetic field dominates the structure of the solar corona. Unfortunately direct measurements of coronal magnetic fields are usually not available. The photospheric magnetic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 T. Wiegelmann

We present a method for performing data-driven simulations of solar active region formation and evolution. The approach is based on magnetofriction, which evolves the induction equation assuming the plasma velocity is proportional to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Mark C. M. Cheung , Marc L. DeRosa

Reliable measurements of the solar magnetic field are still restricted to the photosphere, and our present knowledge of the three-dimensional coronal magnetic field is largely based on extrapolation from photospheric magnetogram using…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Chaowei Jiang , Xueshang Feng , Changqing Xiang

Our aim is to model the 3D magnetic field structure of the upper solar atmosphere, including regions of non-negligible plasma beta. We use high-resolution photospheric magnetic field measurements from SUNRISE/IMaX as boundary condition for…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-09 T. Wiegelmann , T. Neukirch , D. H. Nickeler , S. K. Solanki , V. Martinez Pillet , J. M. Borrero

To understand its evolution and the effects of its eruptive events, the Sun is permanently monitored by multiple satellite missions. The optically-thin emission of the solar plasma and the limited number of viewpoints make it challenging to…

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based global solar coronal simulations are slowly making their way into the space weather modeling toolchains to replace the semi-empirical methods such as the Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) model. However, since…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-21 Michaela Brchnelova , Błażej Kuźma , Fan Zhang , Barbara Perri , Andrea Lani , Stefaan Poedts