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Batch Normalization (BN) is essential to effectively train state-of-the-art deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It normalizes inputs to the layers during training using the statistics of each mini-batch. In this work, we study BN from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Mahdi M. Kalayeh , Mubarak Shah

Huge computational costs brought by convolution and batch normalization (BN) have caused great challenges for the online training and corresponding applications of deep neural networks (DNNs), especially in resource-limited devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Yukuan Yang , Xiaowei Chi , Lei Deng , Tianyi Yan , Feng Gao , Guoqi Li

Batch normalization (BN) allows training very deep networks by normalizing activations by mini-batch sample statistics which renders BN unstable for small batch sizes. Current small-batch solutions such as Instance Norm, Layer Norm, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Xiangwei Shi , Yunqiang Li , Xin Liu , Jan van Gemert

The performance of DNNs trained on clean images has been shown to decrease when the test images have common corruptions. In this work, we interpret corruption robustness as a domain shift and propose to rectify batch normalization (BN)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Philipp Benz , Chaoning Zhang , Adil Karjauv , In So Kweon

Humans have perfected the art of learning from multiple modalities through sensory organs. Despite their impressive predictive performance on a single modality, neural networks cannot reach human level accuracy with respect to multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ivaxi Sheth , Aamer Abdul Rahman , Mohammad Havaei , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Batch Normalization (BN) is a core and prevalent technique in accelerating the training of deep neural networks and improving the generalization on Computer Vision (CV) tasks. However, it fails to defend its position in Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jiaxi Wang , Ji Wu , Lei Huang

Transductive few-shot learning has recently triggered wide attention in computer vision. Yet, current methods introduce key hyper-parameters, which control the prediction statistics of the test batches, such as the level of class balance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Long Zhou , Fereshteh Shakeri , Aymen Sadraoui , Mounir Kaaniche , Jean-Christophe Pesquet , Ismail Ben Ayed

Batch normalization (BN) is a ubiquitous operation in deep neural networks, primarily used to improve stability and regularization during training. BN centers and scales feature maps using sample means and variances, which are naturally…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-04 Sofia Ivolgina , P. Thomas Fletcher , Baba C. Vemuri

It was shown that adversarial examples improve object recognition. But what about their opposite side, easy examples? Easy examples are samples that the machine learning model classifies correctly with high confidence. In our paper, we are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Arip Asadulaev , Alexander Panfilov , Andrey Filchenkov

We present a simple and effective way to estimate the batch-norm statistics during test time, to fast adapt a source model to target test samples. Known as Test-Time Adaptation, most prior works studying this task follow two assumptions in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Xuefeng Hu , Gokhan Uzunbas , Sirius Chen , Rui Wang , Ashish Shah , Ram Nevatia , Ser-Nam Lim

Early-stage disease indications are rarely recorded in real-world domains, such as Agriculture and Healthcare, and yet, their accurate identification is critical in that point of time. In this type of highly imbalanced classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Veysel Kocaman , Ofer M. Shir , Thomas Baeck

Batch Normalization's (BN) unique property of depending on other samples in a batch is known to cause problems in several tasks, including sequence modeling. Yet, BN-related issues are hardly studied for long video understanding, despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Dominik Rivoir , Isabel Funke , Stefanie Speidel

Deep neural networks (DNN) have been studied in various machine learning areas. For example, event-related potential (ERP) signal classification is a highly complex task potentially suitable for DNN as signal-to-noise ratio is low, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-14 Lukas Vareka

The learning of the deep networks largely relies on the data with human-annotated labels. In some label insufficient situations, the performance degrades on the decision boundary with high data density. A common solution is to directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Shuhao Cui , Shuhui Wang , Junbao Zhuo , Liang Li , Qingming Huang , Qi Tian

Deep convolutional neural networks are known to be unstable during training at high learning rate unless normalization techniques are employed. Normalizing weights or activations allows the use of higher learning rates, resulting in faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Brendan Ruff , Taylor Beck , Joscha Bach

Batch-normalization (BN) layers are thought to be an integrally important layer type in today's state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks for computer vision tasks such as classification and detection. However, BN layers introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Mark D. McDonnell , Hesham Mostafa , Runchun Wang , Andre van Schaik

Multi-scale resolution training has seen an increased adoption across multiple vision tasks, including classification and detection. Training with smaller resolutions enables faster training at the expense of a drop in accuracy. Conversely,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Elvis Nunez , Thomas Merth , Anish Prabhu , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Mohammad Rastegari , Sachin Mehta , Maxwell Horton

Importance sampling is widely used to improve the efficiency of deep neural network (DNN) training by reducing the variance of gradient estimators. However, efficiently assessing the variance reduction relative to uniform sampling remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Takuro Kutsuna

The central problem in biomedical imaging are batch effects: systematic technical variations unrelated to the biological signal of interest. These batch effects critically undermine experimental reproducibility and are the primary cause of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ana Sanchez-Fernandez , Thomas Pinetz , Werner Zellinger , Günter Klambauer

As the deep neural networks are being applied to complex tasks, the size of the networks and architecture increases and their topology becomes more complicated too. At the same time, training becomes slow and at some instances inefficient.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Massimiliano Esposito , Nader Ganaba