Related papers: The Prevalence of Persistent Tangles

We present a modern proof of some extensions of the celebrated Hirsch-Pugh-Shub theorem on persistence of normally hyperbolic compact laminations. Our extensions consist of allowing the dynamics to be an endomorphism, of considering the…

Coherence theorems for covariant structures carried by a category have traditionally relied on the underlying term rewriting system of the structure being terminating and confluent. While this holds in a variety of cases, it is not a…

We present necessary conditions for monotonicity, in one form or another, of fixed point iterations of mappings that violate the usual nonexpansive property. We show that most reasonable notions of linear-type monotonicity of fixed point…

We believe three ingredients are needed for further progress in persistence and its use: invariants not relying on decomposition theorems to go beyond 1-dimension, outcomes suitable for statistical analysis and a setup adopted for…

We introduce a version of the Alexander polynomial for singular knots and tangles and show how it can be strengthened considerably by introducing a perturbation. For singular long knots, we also prove that our Alexander polynomial agrees…

In this paper, we use skein-theoretic techniques to classify all virtual knot polynomials and trivalent graph invariants with certain smallness conditions. The first half of the paper classifies all virtual knot polynomials giving…

We work with a generalization of knot theory, in which one diagram is reachable from another via a finite sequence of moves if a fixed condition, regarding the existence of certain morphisms in an associated category, is satisfied for every…

Can the cross product be generalized? Why are the trace and determinant so important in matrix theory? What do all the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial represent? This paper describes a technique for `doodling' equations from…

This article introduces a natural extension of colouring numbers of knots, called colouring polynomials, and studies their relationship to Yang-Baxter invariants and quandle 2-cocycle invariants. For a knot K in the 3-sphere let \pi_K be…

We show that if a knot or link has n thin levels when put in thin position then its exterior contains a collection of n disjoint, non-parallel, planar, meridional, essential surfaces. A corollary is that there are at least n/3 tetrahedra in…

The preceding paper constructed tangle machines as diagrammatic models, and illustrated their utility with a number of examples. The information content of a tangle machine is contained in characteristic quantities associated to equivalence…

A projective rectangle is like a projective plane that may have different lengths in two directions. We develop properties of the graph of lines, in which adjacency means having a common point, especially its strong regularity and clique…

We study the problem of consistent and homogeneous colourings for increasing families of dyadic intervals. We determine when this problem can be solved and when not.

Instead of the infinitesimal extrinsic and intrinsic perturbations on strings, considered so far, we discuss the evolution and propagation of finite-amplitude perturbations. Those intrinsic perturbations may result in appearance of stable…

A projective rectangle is like a projective plane that has different lengths in two directions. We develop the basic theory of projective rectangles including incidence properties, projective subplanes, configuration counts, a partial…

The axioms of a quandle imply that the columns of its Cayley table are permutations. This paper studies quandles with exactly one non-trivially permuted column. Their automorphism groups, quandle polynomials, (symmetric) cohomology groups,…

In this paper, based on the contributions of Tucker (1983) and Seb{\H{o}} (1992), we generalize the concept of a sequential coloring of a graph to a framework in which the algorithm may use a coloring rule-base obtained from suitable…

Traditional clustering identifies groups of objects that share certain qualities. Tangles do the converse: they identify groups of qualities that often occur together. They can thereby identify and discover 'types': of behaviour, views,…

Persistent currents in mesoscopic normal metal rings represent, even a decade after their first experimental observation, a challenge to both, theorists and experimentalists. After giving a brief review of the existing -- experimental and…

Quandle colorings and cocycle invariants are studied for composite knots, and applied to chirality and abelian extensions. The square and granny knots, for example, can be distinguished by quandle colorings, so that a trefoil and its mirror…