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The number of measurements required to reconstruct the states of quantum systems increases exponentially with the quantum system dimensions, which makes the state reconstruction of high-qubit quantum systems have a great challenge in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 J. Yang , S. Cong , X. Liu , Z. Li , K. Li

The experimental realisation of large scale many-body systems has seen immense progress in recent years, rendering full tomography tools for state identification inefficient, especially for continuous systems. In order to work with these…

Introducing quantum sensors as solution to real-world problem demands reliability and controllability outside laboratory conditions. Producers and operators ought to be assumed to have limited resources ready available for calibration, and…

The success of modern deep learning hinges on the ability to train neural networks at scale. Through clever reuse of intermediate information, backpropagation facilitates training through gradient computation at a total cost roughly…

Self-calibrating quantum state tomography aims at reconstructing the unknown quantum state and certain properties of the measurement devices from the same data. Since the estimates of the state and device parameters come from the same data,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-09 Jun Yan Sim , Jiangwei Shang , Hui Khoon Ng , Berthold-Georg Englert

Quantum metrology stands as a leading application of quantum science and technology, yet noise often constrains its precision and sensitivity. In near-term quantum metrology, existing protocols largely depend on virtual state purification,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Xiaodie Lin , Haidong Yuan

The measurement precision of modern quantum simulators is intrinsically constrained by the limited set of measurements that can be efficiently implemented on hardware. This fundamental limitation is particularly severe for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Giacomo Torlai , Guglielmo Mazzola , Giuseppe Carleo , Antonio Mezzacapo

Quantum tomography is a critically important tool to evaluate quantum hardware, making it essential to develop optimized measurement strategies that are both accurate and efficient. We compare a variety of strategies using nearly pure test…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-18 H. Sosa-Martinez , N. K. Lysne , C. H. Baldwin , A. Kalev , I. H. Deutsch , P. S. Jessen

Quantum shadow tomography based on the classical shadow representation provides an efficient way to estimate properties of an unknown quantum state without performing a full quantum state tomography. In scenarios where estimating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Aniket Sengupta , Arijit Chatterjee , G. J. Sreejith , T. S. Mahesh

Tomography is an indispensable part of quantum computation as it enables diagnosis of a quantum process through state reconstruction. Existing tomographic protocols are based on determining expectation values of various Pauli operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-26 Tanay Roy , Ziqian Li , Eliot Kapit , David I. Schuster

Quantum computing crucially relies on the ability to efficiently characterize the quantum states output by quantum hardware. Conventional methods which probe these states through direct measurements and classically computed correlations…

We realize on an Atom-Chip a practical, experimentally undemanding, tomographic reconstruction algorithm relying on the time-resolved measurements of the atomic population distribution among atomic internal states. More specifically, we…

Accurate noise characterization in quantum gates and circuits is vital for the development of reliable quantum simulations for chemically relevant systems and fault-tolerant quantum computing. This paper reviews a variety of key…

High-quality quantum state generation is essential for advanced quantum information processing, including quantum communication, quantum sensing, and quantum computing. In practice, various error sources degrade the quality of quantum…

We present a novel quantum tomographic reconstruction method based on Bayesian inference via the Kalman filter update equations. The method not only yields the maximum likelihood/optimal Bayesian reconstruction, but also a covariance matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-13 Koenraad M. R. Audenaert , S. Scheel

Explicit mathematical reconstructions of quantum networks play a significant role in developing quantum information science. However, tremendous parameter requirements and physical constraint implementations have become computationally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Ze-Tong Li , Xin-Lin He , Cong-Cong Zheng , Yu-Qian Dong , Tian Luan , Xu-Tao Yu , Zai-Chen Zhang

Quantum networks are advancing the information technology infrastructure of society. Simulation and emulation software tools have emerged to support the design, development, and deployment of quantum networks, however, classical simulation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Brian Doolittle , Michael Cubeddu

State preparation that initializes quantum systems in a fiducial state and measurements to read outcomes after the evolution of quantum states, both essential elements in quantum information processing in general, may contain noise from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-13 Jaemin Kim , Seungchan Seo , Jiyoung Yun , Joonwoo Bae

Distributed quantum computing offers a promising approach to scaling quantum devices by networking multiple quantum processors. We present a quantum state tomography protocol tailored for distributed quantum computers that avoids assuming…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Hans Mättig-Vásquez , Aldo Delgado , Luciano Pereira

Quantum error correction is required to compensate for the fragility of the state of a quantum computer. We report the first experimental implementations of quantum error correction and confirm the expected state stabilization. In NMR…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 D. G. Cory , W. Mass , M. Price , E. Knill , R. Laflamme , W. H. Zurek , T. F. Havel , S. S. Somaroo