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Quantum Process Tomography (QPT) is a powerful tool to characterize quantum operations, but it requires considerable resources making it impractical for more than 2-qubit systems. This work proposes an alternative approach that requires…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Vicente Leyton-Ortega , Tyler Kharazi , Raphael C. Pooser

In quantum information transformation and quantum computation, the most critical issues are security and accuracy. These features, therefore, stimulate research on quantum state characterization. A characterization tool, Quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-01 Xudan Chai , Teng Ma , Qihao Guo , Zhangqi Yin , Hao Wu , Qing Zhao

We have performed an experiment demonstrating that loop state-preparation-and-measurement (SPAM) tomography [C. Jackson and S. J. van Enk, Phys. Rev. A 92, 042312 (2015)] is capable of detecting correlated errors between the preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-21 A. F. McCormick , S. J. van Enk , M. Beck

Debugging quantum states transformations is an important task of modern quantum computing. The use of quantum tomography for these purposes significantly expands the range of possibilities. However, the presence of preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

In many platforms, errors from state-preparation and measurement (SPAM) dominate single-qubit gate errors. To inform further hardware improvements and the development of more effective SPAM mitigation strategies, it is necessary to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Muhammad Qasim Khan , Leigh M. Norris , Lorenza Viola

We present a new procedure for quantum state reconstruction based on weak continuous measurement of an ensemble average. By applying controlled evolution to the initial state new information is continually mapped onto the measured…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrew Silberfarb , Poul S. Jessen , Ivan H. Deutsch

Quantum compressed sensing is the fundamental tool for low-rank density matrix tomographic reconstruction in the informationally incomplete case. We examine situations where the acquired information is not enough to allow one to obtain a…

The Pauli channel is a fundamental model of noise in quantum systems, motivating the task of Pauli error estimation. We present an algorithm that builds on the reduction to Population Recovery introduced in [FO21]. Addressing an open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Ryan O'Donnell , Samvitti Sharma

State preparation and measurement errors are commonly regarded as indistinguishable. The problem of distinguishing state preparation (SPAM) errors from measurement errors is important to the field of characterizing quantum processors. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Raymond Laflamme , Junan Lin , Tal Mor

Quantum State Tomography is the task of determining an unknown quantum state by making measurements on identical copies of the state. Current algorithms are costly both on the experimental front -- requiring vast numbers of measurements --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Yihui Quek , Stanislav Fort , Hui Khoon Ng

We establish fundamental and general techniques for formal verification of quantum protocols. Quantum protocols are novel communication schemes involving the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena for representation, storage and transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou

Quantum process tomography is a procedure by which the unknown dynamical evolution of an open quantum system can be fully experimentally characterized. We demonstrate explicitly how this procedure can be implemented with a nuclear magnetic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew M. Childs , Isaac L. Chuang , Debbie W. Leung

Quantifying and verifying the control level in preparing a quantum state are central challenges in building quantum devices. The quantum state is characterized from experimental measurements, using a procedure known as tomography, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Quoc Hoan Tran , Kohei Nakajima

A major bottleneck in the quest for scalable many-body quantum technologies is the difficulty in benchmarking their preparations, which suffer from an exponential `curse of dimensionality' inherent to their quantum states. We present an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Juan Carrasquilla , Giacomo Torlai , Roger G. Melko , Leandro Aolita

Quantum state tomography, a process that reconstructs a quantum state from measurements on an ensemble of identically prepared copies, plays a crucial role in benchmarking quantum devices. However, brute-force approaches to quantum state…

Reconstructing the state of a complex quantum system represents a pivotal task for all quantum information applications, both for characterization purposes and for verification of quantum protocols. Recent technological developments have…

A fault-tolerant quantum computation requires an efficient means to detect and correct errors that accumulate in encoded quantum information. In the context of machine learning, neural networks are a promising new approach to quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 P. Baireuther , T. E. O'Brien , B. Tarasinski , C. W. J. Beenakker

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…

Estimation of quantum states is one of the most important steps in any quantum information processing experiment. A naive reconstruction of the density matrix from experimental measurements can often give density matrices which are not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Harpreet Singh , Arvind , Kavita Dorai

Quantum tomography is a process of quantum state reconstruction using data from multiple measurements. An essential goal for a quantum tomography algorithm is to find measurements that will maximize the useful information about an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 A. D. Moiseevskiy , G. I. Struchalin , S. S. Straupe , S. P. Kulik