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Most existing methods for testing equality of means of functional data from multiple populations rely on assumptions of equal covariance and/or Gaussianity. In this work we provide a new testing method based on a statistic that is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-30 Chuang Xu , Andrew T. A. Wood , Yanrong Yang

We present a novel distributionally robust framework for dynamic programming that uses kernel methods to design feedback control policies. Specifically, we leverage kernel mean embedding to map the transition probabilities governing the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-20 Licio Romao , Ashish R. Hota , Alessandro Abate

Model misspecification can create significant challenges for the implementation of probabilistic models, and this has led to development of a range of robust methods which directly account for this issue. However, whether these more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-22 Oscar Key , Arthur Gretton , François-Xavier Briol , Tamara Fernandez

Kernel-based testing has revolutionized the field of non-parametric tests through the embedding of distributions in an RKHS. This strategy has proven to be powerful and flexible, yet its applicability has been limited to the standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-28 Anthony Ozier-Lafontaine , Polina Arsenteva , Franck Picard , Bertrand Michel

We provide a unified framework for independence and mean independence tests based on the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion, extending some previous results in the literature to hold in general topological spaces. We also present a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-01 Daniel Diz-Castro , Manuel Febrero-Bande , Wenceslao González-Manteiga

Existing two-sample testing techniques, particularly those based on choosing a kernel for the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD), often assume equal sample sizes from the two distributions. Applying these methods in practice can require…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-17 Aaron Wei , Milad Jalali , Danica J. Sutherland

We apply kernel mean embedding methods to sample-based stochastic optimization and control. Specifically, we use the reduced-set expansion method as a way to discard sampled scenarios. The effect of such constraint removal is improved…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-24 Jia-Jie Zhu , Moritz Diehl , Bernhard Schölkopf

We endeavour to estimate numerous multi-dimensional means of various probability distributions on a common space based on independent samples. Our approach involves forming estimators through convex combinations of empirical means derived…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-11 Gilles Blanchard , Jean-Baptiste Fermanian , Hannah Marienwald

To adapt kernel two-sample and independence testing to complex structured data, aggregation of multiple kernels is frequently employed to boost testing power compared to single-kernel tests. However, we observe a phenomenon that directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhijian Zhou , Xunye Tian , Liuhua Peng , Chao Lei , Antonin Schrab , Danica J. Sutherland , Feng Liu

We study a relaxation of the problem of coupling probability distributions -- a list of samples is generated from one distribution and an accept is declared if any one of these samples is identical to the sample generated from the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Joseph Rowan , Buu Phan , Ashish Khisti

We focus on the distribution regression problem: regressing to a real-valued response from a probability distribution. Although there exist a large number of similarity measures between distributions, very little is known about their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-01-28 Zoltan Szabo , Arthur Gretton , Barnabas Poczos , Bharath Sriperumbudur

In this paper we propose a nonparametric graphical test based on optimal matching, for assessing the equality of multiple unknown multivariate probability distributions. Our procedure pools the data from the different classes to create a…

We provide a theoretical foundation for non-parametric estimation of functions of random variables using kernel mean embeddings. We show that for any continuous function $f$, consistent estimators of the mean embedding of a random variable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-04 Carl-Johann Simon-Gabriel , Adam Ścibior , Ilya Tolstikhin , Bernhard Schölkopf

Kernel mean embeddings have recently attracted the attention of the machine learning community. They map measures $\mu$ from some set $M$ to functions in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) with kernel $k$. The RKHS distance of two…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-18 Carl-Johann Simon-Gabriel , Bernhard Schölkopf

We develop some theoretical results for a robust similarity measure named "generalized min-max" (GMM). This similarity has direct applications in machine learning as a positive definite kernel and can be efficiently computed via…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-08-02 Ping Li , Cun-Hui Zhang

Kernel mean embedding is a useful tool to represent and compare probability measures. Despite its usefulness, kernel mean embedding considers infinite-dimensional features, which are challenging to handle in the context of differentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Margarita Vinaroz , Mohammad-Amin Charusaie , Frederik Harder , Kamil Adamczewski , Mijung Park

We propose the density ratio permutation test, a hypothesis test that assesses whether the ratio between two densities is proportional to a known function based on independent samples from each distribution. The test uses an efficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-14 Alberto Bordino , Thomas B. Berrett

Kernel means are frequently used to represent probability distributions in machine learning problems. In particular, the well known kernel density estimator and the kernel mean embedding both have the form of a kernel mean. Unfortunately,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-03 E. Cruz Cortés , C. Scott

Various statistical tests have been developed for testing the equality of means in matched pairs with missing values. However, most existing methods are commonly based on certain distributional assumptions such as normality, 0-symmetry or…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-03-02 Lubna Amro , Markus Pauly

Modern large-scale kernel-based tests such as maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) and kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD) optimize kernel hyperparameters on a held-out sample via data splitting to obtain the most powerful test statistics. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jonas M. Kübler , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Bernhard Schölkopf , Krikamol Muandet