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In this study, we investigate the emerging threat of inaudible acoustic attacks targeting digital voice assistants, a critical concern given their projected prevalence to exceed the global population by 2024. Our research extends the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Forrest McKee , David Noever

This paper investigates the privacy leakage of smart speakers under an encrypted traffic analysis attack, referred to as voice command fingerprinting. In this attack, an adversary can eavesdrop both outgoing and incoming encrypted voice…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Chenggang Wang , Sean Kennedy , Haipeng Li , King Hudson , Gowtham Atluri , Xuetao Wei , Wenhai Sun , Boyang Wang

Identity, accent, style, and emotions are essential components of human speech. Voice conversion (VC) techniques process the speech signals of two input speakers and other modalities of auxiliary information such as prompts and emotion…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Xining Song , Zhihua Wei , Rui Wang , Haixiao Hu , Yanxiang Chen , Meng Han

Fake audio attack becomes a major threat to the speaker verification system. Although current detection approaches have achieved promising results on dataset-specific scenarios, they encounter difficulties on unseen spoofing data.…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Haoxin Ma , Jiangyan Yi , Jianhua Tao , Ye Bai , Zhengkun Tian , Chenglong Wang

Automatic speaker verification, like every other biometric system, is vulnerable to spoofing attacks. Using only a few minutes of recorded voice of a genuine client of a speaker verification system, attackers can develop a variety of…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Balamurali BT , Kin Wah Edward Lin , Simon Lui , Jer-Ming Chen , Dorien Herremans

Deep learning based voice synthesis technology generates artificial human-like speeches, which has been used in deepfakes or identity theft attacks. Existing defense mechanisms inject subtle adversarial perturbations into the raw speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Yuanda Wang , Hanqing Guo , Guangjing Wang , Bocheng Chen , Qiben Yan

Voice anonymization systems aim to protect speaker privacy by obscuring vocal traits while preserving the linguistic content relevant for downstream applications. However, because these linguistic cues remain intact, they can be exploited…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-21 Ahmad Aloradi , Ünal Ege Gaznepoglu , Emanuël A. P. Habets , Daniel Tenbrinck

High-performance anti-spoofing models for automatic speaker verification (ASV), have been widely used to protect ASV by identifying and filtering spoofing audio that is deliberately generated by text-to-speech, voice conversion, audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Haibin Wu , Andy T. Liu , Hung-yi Lee

In recent years, significant progress has been made in deep model-based automatic speech recognition (ASR), leading to its widespread deployment in the real world. At the same time, adversarial attacks against deep ASR systems are highly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-04 Christian Heider Nielsen , Zheng-Hua Tan

Adversarial examples are inputs to machine learning models designed by an adversary to cause an incorrect output. So far, adversarial examples have been studied most extensively in the image domain. In this domain, adversarial examples can…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-10 Yao Qin , Nicholas Carlini , Ian Goodfellow , Garrison Cottrell , Colin Raffel

Speaker identification models are vulnerable to carefully designed adversarial perturbations of their input signals that induce misclassification. In this work, we propose a white-box steganography-inspired adversarial attack that generates…

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced the naturalness and flexibility of human computer interaction by enabling seamless understanding across text, vision, and audio modalities. Among these,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Binhao Ma , Hanqing Guo , Zhengping Jay Luo , Rui Duan

The advancements in generative AI have enabled the improvement of audio synthesis models, including text-to-speech and voice conversion. This raises concerns about its potential misuse in social manipulation and political interference, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Hong-Hanh Nguyen-Le , Van-Tuan Tran , Dinh-Thuc Nguyen , Nhien-An Le-Khac

Audio adversarial examples (AEs) have posed significant security challenges to real-world speaker recognition systems. Most black-box attacks still require certain information from the speaker recognition model to be effective (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Rui Duan , Zhe Qu , Leah Ding , Yao Liu , Zhuo Lu

Spoofing attacks posed by generating artificial speech can severely degrade the performance of a speaker verification system. Recently, many anti-spoofing countermeasures have been proposed for detecting varying types of attacks from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-08 Yuanjun Zhao , Roberto Togneri , Victor Sreeram

Over the last few years, a rapidly increasing number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems that adopt voice as the primary user input have emerged. These systems have been shown to be vulnerable to various types of voice spoofing attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Yuan Gong , Christian Poellabauer

Speaker verification systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks which presents a major problem in their real-life deployment. To date, most of the proposed synthetic speech detectors (SSDs) have weighted the importance of different segments…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Ali Khodabakhsh , Cenk Demiroglu

New security and privacy concerns arise due to the growing popularity of voice assistant (VA) deployments in home and enterprise networks. A number of past research results have demonstrated how malicious actors can use hidden commands to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Zhengxian He , Mohit Narayan Rajput , Mustaque Ahamad

Voice Authentication (VA), also known as Automatic Speaker Verification (ASV), is a widely adopted authentication method, particularly in automated systems like banking services, where it serves as a secondary layer of user authentication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Eshaq Jamdar , Amith Kamath Belman

Machine learning (ML) models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. Applications of ML to voice biometrics authentication are no exception. Yet, the implications of audio adversarial examples on these real-world systems remain…