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We present a probabilistic model for natural images which is based on Gaussian scale mixtures and a simple multiscale representation. In contrast to the dominant approach to modeling whole images focusing on Markov random fields, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-09-17 Lucas Theis , Reshad Hosseini , Matthias Bethge

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) achieves remarkable results in the field of surface reconstruction. However, when Gaussian normal vectors are aligned within the single-view projection plane, while the geometry appears reasonable in the current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Bo Jia , Yanan Guo , Ying Chang , Benkui Zhang , Ying Xie , Kangning Du , Lin Cao

In simulation-based engineering design with time-consuming simulators, Gaussian process (GP) models are widely used as fast emulators to speed up the design optimization process. In its most commonly used form, the input of GP is a simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Xi Chen , Yashika Sharma , Hao Helen Zhang , Xin Hao , Qiang Zhou

We study the gradient Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) in the over-parameterized setting, where a general GMM with $n>1$ components learns from data that are generated by a single ground truth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weihang Xu , Maryam Fazel , Simon S. Du

Decomposing geometry, materials and lighting from a set of images, namely inverse rendering, has been a long-standing problem in computer vision and graphics. Recent advances in neural rendering enable photo-realistic and plausible inverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Silong Yong , Venkata Nagarjun Pudureddiyur Manivannan , Bernhard Kerbl , Zifu Wan , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara , Yaqi Xie

We propose a shape fitting/registration method based on a Gaussian Processes formulation, suitable for shapes with extensive regions of missing data. Gaussian Processes are a proven powerful tool, as they provide a unified setting for shape…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Filipa Valdeira , Ricardo Ferreira , Alessandra Micheletti , Cláudia Soares

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) greatly accelerated mesh extraction from posed images due to its explicit representation and fast software rasterization. While the addition of geometric losses and other priors has improved the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Lukas Radl , Felix Windisch , Andreas Kurz , Thomas Köhler , Michael Steiner , Markus Steinberger

Recent advancements in 3D scene understanding have made significant strides in enabling interaction with scenes using open-vocabulary queries, particularly for VR/AR and robotic applications. Nevertheless, existing methods are hindered by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dianyi Yang , Xihan Wang , Yu Gao , Shiyang Liu , Bohan Ren , Yufeng Yue , Yi Yang

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) achieves high-fidelity rendering with fast real-time performance, but existing methods rely on offline training after full Structure-from-Motion (SfM) processing. In contrast, this work introduces Gaussian…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yiwei Xu , Yifei Yu , Wentian Gan , Tengfei Wang , Zongqian Zhan , Hao Cheng , Xin Wang

We describe a simple, efficient, robust and fully automatic algorithm for the determination of a Multi-Gaussian Expansion (MGE) fit to galaxy images, to be used as a parametrization for the galaxy stellar surface brightness. In most cases…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-18 Michele Cappellari

In order to cluster or partition data, we often use Expectation-and-Maximization (EM) or Variational approximation with a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), which is a parametric probability density function represented as a weighted sum of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-07-04 Ji Won Yoon

Most existing approaches for point cloud normal estimation aim to locally fit a geometric surface and calculate the normal from the fitted surface. Recently, learning-based methods have adopted a routine of predicting point-wise weights to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Hang Du , Xuejun Yan , Jingjing Wang , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu

Generalized additive models (GAMs) provide a way to blend parametric and non-parametric (function approximation) techniques together, making them flexible tools suitable for many modeling problems. For instance, GAMs can be used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-07 Antti Solonen , Stratos Staboulis

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) effectively synthesizes novel views through its flexible representation, yet fails to accurately reconstruct scene geometry. While modern variants like PGSR introduce additional losses to ensure proper depth and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Zhentao Huang , Di Wu , Zhenbang He , Minglun Gong

Gaussian mixture models form a flexible and expressive parametric family of distributions that has found applications in a wide variety of applications. Unfortunately, fitting these models to data is a notoriously hard problem from a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Yuling Yan , Kaizheng Wang , Philippe Rigollet

Data compression is a critical technology for large-scale plasma simulations. Storing complete particle information requires Terabyte-scale data storage, and analysis requires ad-hoc scalable post-processing tools. We propose a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Andong Hu , Luca Pennati , Ivy Peng , Stefano Markidis

Molecular conformation generation aims to generate three-dimensional coordinates of all the atoms in a molecule and is an important task in bioinformatics and pharmacology. Previous methods usually first predict the interatomic distances,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Jinhua Zhu , Yingce Xia , Chang Liu , Lijun Wu , Shufang Xie , Yusong Wang , Tong Wang , Tao Qin , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li , Haiguang Liu , Tie-Yan Liu

The matching of 3D shapes has been extensively studied for shapes represented as surface meshes, as well as for shapes represented as point clouds. While point clouds are a common representation of raw real-world 3D data (e.g. from laser…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Dongliang Cao , Florian Bernard

The learning of Gaussian Mixture Models (also referred to simply as GMMs) plays an important role in machine learning. Known for their expressiveness and interpretability, Gaussian mixture models have a wide range of applications, from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Ruichong Zhang

We present a novel approach for enhancing the resolution and geometric fidelity of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) beyond native training resolution. Current 3DGS methods are fundamentally limited by their input resolution, producing…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shuja Khalid , Mohamed Ibrahim , Yang Liu