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The prosperity of machine learning has also brought people's concerns about data privacy. Among them, inference attacks can implement privacy breaches in various MLaaS scenarios and model training/prediction phases. Specifically, inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Feng Wu , Lei Cui , Shaowen Yao , Shui Yu

Transfer learning, successful in knowledge translation across related tasks, faces a substantial privacy threat from membership inference attacks (MIAs). These attacks, despite posing significant risk to ML model's training data, remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Qianru Fang , Kun He , Ziming Zhao , Hao Ren , Guowen Xu , Yang Liu , Yang Xiang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are widely used to assess the privacy risks associated with machine learning models. However, when these attacks are applied to pre-trained large language models (LLMs), they encounter significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Meng Tong , Yuntao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Ninghui Li

Membership inference attacks are designed to determine, using black box access to trained models, whether a particular example was used in training or not. Membership inference can be formalized as a hypothesis testing problem. The most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Martin Bertran , Shuai Tang , Michael Kearns , Jamie Morgenstern , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu

Recently, adapting the idea of self-supervised learning (SSL) on continuous speech has started gaining attention. SSL models pre-trained on a huge amount of unlabeled audio can generate general-purpose representations that benefit a wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei-Tsung Kao , Hung-yi Lee

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) against machine learning (ML) models aim to determine whether a given data point was part of the model training data. These attacks may pose significant privacy risks to individuals whose sensitive data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Mona Khalil , Alberto Blanco-Justicia , Najeeb Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer

Membership inference attacks are one of the simplest forms of privacy leakage for machine learning models: given a data point and model, determine whether the point was used to train the model. Existing membership inference attacks exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Florian Tramer , Nicholas Carlini , Nicolas Papernot

Machine learning models are prone to memorizing sensitive data, making them vulnerable to membership inference attacks in which an adversary aims to guess if an input sample was used to train the model. In this paper, we show that prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Liwei Song , Prateek Mittal

Privacy attacks on Machine Learning (ML) models often focus on inferring the existence of particular data points in the training data. However, what the adversary really wants to know is if a particular individual's (subject's) data was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Anshuman Suri , Pallika Kanani , Virendra J. Marathe , Daniel W. Peterson

Machine learning models' goal is to make correct predictions for specific tasks by learning important properties and patterns from data. By doing so, there is a chance that the model learns properties that are unrelated to its primary task.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Mathias P. M. Parisot , Balazs Pejo , Dayana Spagnuelo

Large language models have revolutionized the field of NLP by achieving state-of-the-art performance on various tasks. However, there is a concern that these models may disclose information in the training data. In this study, we focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ruixiang Tang , Gord Lueck , Rodolfo Quispe , Huseyin A Inan , Janardhan Kulkarni , Xia Hu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages both labeled and unlabeled data to train machine learning (ML) models. State-of-the-art SSL methods can achieve comparable performance to supervised learning by leveraging much fewer labeled data.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Xinlei He , Hongbin Liu , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yang Zhang

We introduce a new class of attacks on machine learning models. We show that an adversary who can poison a training dataset can cause models trained on this dataset to leak significant private details of training points belonging to other…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Florian Tramèr , Reza Shokri , Ayrton San Joaquin , Hoang Le , Matthew Jagielski , Sanghyun Hong , Nicholas Carlini

Recent research shows that large language models are susceptible to privacy attacks that infer aspects of the training data. However, it is unclear if simpler generative models, like topic models, share similar vulnerabilities. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Nico Manzonelli , Wanrong Zhang , Salil Vadhan

Leakage of data from publicly available Machine Learning (ML) models is an area of growing significance as commercial and government applications of ML can draw on multiple sources of data, potentially including users' and clients'…

In several jurisdictions, the regulatory framework on the release and sharing of personal data is being extended to machine learning (ML). The implicit assumption is that disclosing a trained ML model entails a privacy risk for any personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Josep Domingo-Ferrer

Ensuring the privacy of research participants is vital, even more so in healthcare environments. Deep learning approaches to neuroimaging require large datasets, and this often necessitates sharing data between multiple sites, which is…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-04 Umang Gupta , Dimitris Stripelis , Pradeep K. Lam , Paul M. Thompson , José Luis Ambite , Greg Ver Steeg

Recently issued data privacy regulations like GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) grant individuals the right to be forgotten. In the context of machine learning, this requires a model to forget about a training data sample if…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Hongsheng Hu , Zoran Salcic , Gillian Dobbie , Jinjun Chen , Lichao Sun , Xuyun Zhang

Membership inference attacks allow a malicious entity to predict whether a sample is used during training of a victim model or not. State-of-the-art membership inference attacks have shown to achieve good accuracy which poses a great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

A large body of work shows that machine learning (ML) models can leak sensitive or confidential information about their training data. Recently, leakage due to distribution inference (or property inference) attacks is gaining attention. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Valentin Hartmann , Léo Meynent , Maxime Peyrard , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Shruti Tople , Robert West