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Statistical anisotropy in the nanohertz-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB) is expected to be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the near future. By developing a frequentist statistical framework that intrinsically…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Nihan Pol , Stephen R. Taylor , Joseph D. Romano

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) observations have recently gathered substantial evidence for the existence of a gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band. Searching for anisotropies in this signal is key to determining its origin,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-02 Paul Frederik Depta , Valerie Domcke , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni

We present the results of simulated injections testing the first Bayesian search-pipeline capable of investigating the angular-structure of a gravitational-wave (GW) background influencing pulsar signals. A stochastic background of GWs from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-30 Stephen R. Taylor , Jonathan R. Gair

With pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) having observed a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies, the focus of the field is shifting towards determining and characterizing its origin. While the primary candidate is a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Kyle A. Gersbach , Stephen R. Taylor , Bence Bécsy , Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Nihan Pol

Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) analyses show evidence for a gravitational wave background (GWB) with angular correlations consistent with the Hellings-Downs curve. Anisotropies are a key discriminator of the origin of this GWB, as they…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-01 Valerie Domcke , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni

High-precision astrometry offers a promising approach to detect low-frequency gravitational waves, complementing pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. We explore the response of astrometric measurements to a stochastic gravitational wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-25 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Ameek Malhotra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

Anisotropies in the nanohertz gravitational-wave background are a compelling next target for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Measurements or informative upper limits to the anisotropies are expected in the near future and can offer important…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are currently the only experiments directly sensitive to gravitational waves with decade-long periods. Within the next five to ten years, PTAs are expected to detect the stochastic gravitational-wave background…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-04 Yacine Ali-Haïmoud , Tristan L. Smith , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are in the near future expected to detect a stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by a population of inspiralling super-massive black hole binaries. In this work, we consider a background that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-20 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski

The recent detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background by pulsar timing arrays has opened a new window in understanding supermassive black hole binaries and in probing the universe at the early time. Recently, pulsar timing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-24 Fengting Xie , Zhi-Chao Zhao , Qing-Hua Zhu , Xin Li

Within the next several years, pulsar-timing array programs will likely usher in the next era of gravitational-wave astronomy through the detection of a stochastic background of nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves, originating from a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-21 Stephen R. Taylor , Rutger van Haasteren , Alberto Sesana

Recent findings from several Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations point to the existence of a Gravitational Wave Background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. A key next step towards characterizing this signal and identifying its origin is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-16 Thomas Konstandin , Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Enrico Perboni

The astrophysical gravitational wave background in the nanohertz (nHz) band is expected to be primarily composed of the superposition of signals from binaries of supermassive black holes. The spatial discreteness of these sources introduces…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-28 Giulia Cusin , Cyril Pitrou , Martin Pijnenburg , Alberto Sesana

Arrays of precisely-timed millisecond pulsars are used to search for gravitational waves with periods of months to decades. Gravitational waves affect the path of radio pulses propagating from a pulsar to Earth, causing the arrival times of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-13 Stephen R. Taylor

Abbreviated: We investigate the potential of detecting the gravitational wave from individual binary black hole systems using pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) and calculate the accuracy for determining the GW properties. This is done in a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 K. J. Lee , N. Wex , M. Kramer , B. W. Stappers , C. G. Bassa , G. H. Janssen , R. Karuppusamy , R. Smits

Recent Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations show strong evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) with the characteristic Hellings-Downs inter-pulsar correlations. The signal may stem from supermassive black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-25 N. M. Jiménez Cruz , Ameek Malhotra , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

Several Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations have recently found evidence for a gravitational wave background (GWB) permeating our galaxy. The origin of this background is still unknown. Indeed, while the gravitational wave emission…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-12 Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate , Kyle A. Gersbach

Within the next several years pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are positioned to detect the stochastic gravitational-wave background (GWB) likely produced by the collection of inspiralling super-massive black holes binaries, and potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-24 Yacine Ali-Haïmoud , Tristan L. Smith , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

Pulsar timing arrays aim to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). A background of GWs modulates pulsar arrival times and manifests as a stochastic process, common to all pulsars, with a signature spatial correlation. Here we…

We have begun an exciting era for gravitational wave detection, as several world-leading experiments are breaching the threshold of anticipated signal strengths. Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are pan-Galactic gravitational wave detectors that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-26 Sarah Burke-Spolaor
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