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Smart contracts, the cornerstone of blockchain technology, enable secure, automated distributed execution. Given their role in handling large transaction volumes across clients, miners, and validators, exploring concurrency is critical.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Atefeh Zareh Chahoki , Maurice Herlihy , Marco Roveri

Existing fair exchange protocols usually neglect consideration of cost when assessing their fairness. However, in an environment with non-negligible transaction cost, e.g., public blockchains, high or unexpected transaction cost might be an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Matthias Lohr , Kenneth Skiba , Marco Konersmann , Jan Jürjens , Steffen Staab

We present the first in-depth empirical characterization of the costs of trading on a decentralized exchange (DEX). Using quoted prices from the Uniswap Labs interface for two pools -- USDC-ETH (5bps) and PEPE-ETH (30bps) -- we evaluate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Austin Adams , Benjamin Y Chan , Sarit Markovich , Xin Wan

The limit order book mechanism has been the core trading mechanism of the modern financial market. In the cryptocurrency market, centralized exchanges also adopt this limit order book mechanism and a centralized matching engine dynamically…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Yeonwoo Jeong , Chanyoung Jeoung , Hosan Jeong , SangYoon Han , Juntae Kim

Cryptocurrency has been extensively studied as a decentralized financial technology built on blockchain. However, there is a lack of understanding of user experience with cryptocurrency exchanges, the main means for novice users to interact…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Zhixuan Zhou , Bohui Shen

Decentralized finance (DeFi) has the potential to disrupt centralized finance by validating peer-to-peer transactions through tamper-proof smart contracts, thus significantly lowering the transaction cost charged by financial…

General Economics · Economics 2023-12-04 Ziqiao Ao , Lin William Cong , Gergely Horvath , Luyao Zhang

Block production on the Ethereum blockchain has adopted an auction-based mechanism known as Proposer--Builder Separation (PBS), where validators outsource block creation to builders competing in MEV--Boost auctions for Maximal Extractable…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Fei Wu , Thomas Thiery , Stefanos Leonardos , Carmine Ventre

Ethereum 2.0, as the preeminent smart contract blockchain platform, guarantees the precise execution of applications without third-party intervention. At its core, this system leverages the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, which…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Tao Yan , Shengnan Li , Benjamin Kraner , Luyao Zhang , Claudio J. Tessone

In the paper, we present designs for multiple blockchain consensus primitives and a novel blockchain system, all based on the use of trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX-enabled CPUs. First, we show how using TEEs for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Mitar Milutinovic , Warren He , Howard Wu , Maxinder Kanwal

Ethereum's transaction pool (mempool) dynamics and fee market efficiency critically affect transaction inclusion, validator workload, and overall network performance. This research empirically analyzes gas price variations, mempool…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 S M Mostaq Hossain , Amani Altarawneh

Bitcoin transaction fees will become more important as the block subsidy declines, but fee formation is hard to study with blockchain data alone because the relevant queueing environment is unobserved. We develop and estimate a structural…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Daniel Aronoff , Kristian Praizner , Armin Sabouri

Trading through decentralized exchanges (DEXs) has become crucial in today's blockchain ecosystem, enabling users to swap tokens efficiently and automatically. However, the capacity of miners to strategically order transactions has led to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Yuhao Li , Mengqian Zhang , Jichen Li , Elynn Chen , Xi Chen , Xiaotie Deng

Executing smart contracts is a compute and storage-intensive task, which currently dominates modern blockchain's performance. Given that computers are becoming increasingly multicore, concurrency is an attractive approach to improve…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Yaron Hay , Roy Friedman

In blockchain systems, especially cryptographic currencies such as Bitcoin, the double-spending and Byzantine-general-like problem are solved by reaching consensus protocols among all nodes. The state-of-the-art protocols include…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Jianwen Chen , Kai Duan , Rumin Zhang , Liaoyuan Zeng , Wenyi Wang

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) represents a pivotal challenge within the Ethereum ecosystem; it impacts the fairness, security, and efficiency of both Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 2 (L2) networks. MEV arises when miners or validators manipulate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zeinab Alipanahloo , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid , Kaiwen Zhang

Smart contract access control mechanisms can introduce centralization into supposedly decentralized ecosystems. In our view, such centralization is an overlooked risk of smart contracts that underlies well-known smart contract security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Metin Lamby , Valentin Zieglmeier , Christian Ziegler

Financial markets have evolved over centuries, and exchanges have converged to rely on the order book mechanism for market making. Latency on the blockchain, however, has prevented decentralized exchanges (DEXes) from utilizing the order…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2022-11-11 Lioba Heimbach , Eric Schertenleib , Roger Wattenhofer

The advent of Ethereum 2.0 has introduced significant changes, particularly the shift to Proof-of-Stake consensus. This change presents new opportunities and challenges for arbitrage. Amidst these changes, we introduce BriDe Arbitrager, a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Hulin Yang , Mingzhe Li , Jin Zhang , Alia Asheralieva , Qingsong Wei , Siow Mong Rick Goh

Opening up data produced by the Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile devices for public utilization can maximize their economic value. Challenges remain in the trustworthiness of the data sources and the security of the trading process,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yue Li , Ifteher Alom , Wenhai Sun , Yang Xiao

Blockchain networks are facing increasingly heterogeneous computational demands, and in response, protocol designers have started building specialized infrastructure to supply that demand. This paper introduces Resonance: a new kind of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Maryam Bahrani , Naveen Durvasula